英语（专升本）
Unit 1 The Power of Language
Speaking Activity
Making Suggestions
Steve: Hi, Jenny; would you like to do something with me this weekend?
Jenny: Sure. What shall we do?
Steve: I don’t know. Do you have any ideas?
Jenny: Why don’t we see a film?
Steve: That sounds good to me. Which film shall we see?
Jenny: Let’s see Action Man 4.
Steve: I’d rather not. I don’t like violent films. How about going to Mad Doctor Brown? hear it’s quite a funny film.
Making Suggestions
Jenny: OK. Let’s go see that. When is it on?
Steve: lt’s at 8 0’clock at the Rex. Shall we have a bite to eat before the film?
Jenny: Sure, that sounds great. What about going to that new Italian restaurant Michetti’S ?
Steve: Great idea! Let’s meet there at six.
Jenny: OK. I’II see you at Michetti’s at six. Bye.
Steve: Bye.
Making Suggestions
Would you like to…?
Shall we go…?
Let’s go…
Why don’t we (you) go…?
How (What) about going…．?
That’s a good idea.
Good suggestion.
Thanks for the advice.
Text A Critical Reading
Pre-reading Questions
1. Do you usually challenge the idea an author represents? What do you think is active reading?
通常情况下，你是否会反对作者提出的观点？你认为什么是积极阅读？
2. What suggestions do you expect the author will give on reading critically?
你希望作者就批判性阅读提出什么样的建议呢？
Critical Reading
Critical reading applies to non-fiction writing in which the author puts forth a position or seeks to make a statement. Critical reading is active reading. It involves more than just understanding what an author is saying. Critical reading involves questioning and evaluating what the author is saying，and forming your own opinions about what the author is saying. Here are the things you should do to be a  critical reader.阅读纪实文学适合用批评性的阅读方法，因为在非文学类作品里，作者常常会提出某种观点或是寻找作者的态度。批评性的阅读方法是一种主动性很强的阅读方法。它涉及到的不仅仅是理解作者所说的话。批评性的阅读方法还涉及到质疑和评估作者所说的话，涉及到作者所说的话要形成你自己的观点。如果你想要成为一名有批评性思维的读者，在这里我列出一些你应该做到的。
关系副词引导的定语从句=介词+which
Critical reading applies to non-fiction writing in which the author puts forth a position or seeks to make a statement.
in which 引导后面的定语从句，修饰先行词 writing.
eg: We passed a pool in which ducks were swimming.
我们走过一个池塘，塘中鸭子在戏水。
apply to 使用于；适用于
apply to sb./sth.= be applicable to sb./sth.
apply to sb for sth: 向某人申请某物
eg: Loyalty applies to various kinds of relationships.
忠诚适用于不同的人际关系。
put forth
put forth 产生；提出
eg: In spring the trees put forth new leaves.
春天，树木长出新叶子。
eg: Darwin put forth the theory of evolution.
达尔文提出了进化论。
what 引导名词性从句
It involves more than just understanding what an author is saying.
what 引导名词性从句
eg: What he wanted was only a warm place to live in.
他当时想要的只是一处可以栖息的暖和之处。
involve
卷入；包含；牵涉
involve in
使…参与，使…陷入
involve with
牵连，涉及
eg: Don’t involve me in your quarrel.
不要把我卷进你们的争吵中。
more than
more than 超过；不只是
eg: His rudeness is more than I can stand.
他的粗鲁超过了我的忍受程度。Consider the context of what is written
You may be reading something that was written by an author from a different cultural context than yours. Or, you may be reading something written some time ago in a different time context than yours. In either case, you must recognize and take into account any differences between your values and attitudes and those represented by the author.
仔细思考作者的写作背景。你可能正在读一篇与你的文化背景截然不同的作者所写的文章。
或者，你可能正在读一篇写于不同于你所处的时代的文章。不论哪种情况，你必须能搞清楚同时好好考虑你的价值观和态度与作者的不同之处。
different than /different from
different than/different from 与…不同
eg: We are absolutely different people than we were.
我们已经变得与之前完全不同了。
take into account/consideration
考虑到；顾及
eg: When deciding what to do wo must take into account/consideration all the difficulties.
在决定做某件事情的时候，我们必须把所有的困难都考虑进去。
represent
描述；表现
eg: He failed to accurately represent the stages of that ransformation.
他未能确切描述出那次变革的不同阶段。
Question assertions made by the author.
Don’t accept what is written at face value. Before accepting what is written, be certain that the author provides sufficient support for any assertions made. Look for facts, examples, and statistics that provide support. Also, look to see if the author has integrated the work of authorities.
合理质疑作者所做出的论断。对于作者写出来的不要全盘接受。你在接受作者的观点之前，要确保作者提供了足够多的论据来支持其论点。你要仔细查看支持论断的事实、举例和统计数据。同时，你要查看作者是否参考了权威专家的著作。
accept/take...at face value
相信表面；信以为真
eg: You shouldn't take anything she says at face value.
她的话你绝对不能只听表面意思。
statistics
名词复数， 统计数字；统计资料
不可数名词， 统计学
eg: There are no reliable statistics for the number of deaths in the battle.
关于战争中阵亡人数没有可靠的统计数字。
eg: Statistics is the science of gathering and analyzing data.统计学是一门收集和分析数据的科学。
if
if 是否 引导名词性从句
eg: The doctor rayed her leg to find out if the bone was broken.
医生用 X 光检查她的腿是否断了。
integrate
integrate 整合；综合；融入；合并
eg: We must integrate theory with practice.
我们必须把理论与实际结合起来。
Compare what is written with other written work on the subject.
Look to see that what is written is consistent with what others have written about the subject. If there are inconsistencies, carefully evaluate the support the author provides for the inconsistencies.
把作者所写的内容和该题材其他著作做对比。看看作者所写的内容与该题材领域其他人所写的是否一致。如果有不一致之处，要仔细评估该处作者提供的论据。
consistent
consistent 相符的；符合的
consistent with… 与…相符合的；与…一致的
eg: These actions are consistent with his principles.
这些行为与他的原则是一致的。
Analyze assumptions made by the author
Assumptions are whatever the author must believe is true in order to make assertions. In many cases, the author's assumptions are not directly stated. This means you must read carefully in order to identify any assumptions. Once you identify an assumption, you must decide whether or not the assumption is valid.
认真分析作者所做的假设。假设指的是作者为了提出其论断所必须相信是正确的那些观点。
在许多情况下，作者的假设都不是直接陈述出来的。这就意味着你必须通过仔细地阅读来找到作者的所做的那些假定。一旦你找到一个假设，你必须判断一下这个假设是否是合理的。
in many case
在很多情况下
eg: in many case, the clothes people wear identify them as belonging to a particular social class.
很多情况下，人们的穿着显示出他们的社会阶层。
directly
直接地；径直地
identif
eg: I wonder at your courage in asking him directly!
你直接问他的胆量使我很吃惊！
yidentify
及物动词
发现；找到
Eg: Scientists claim to have identified natural substances to fight against lung cancer.
科学家声称已经发现自然界的某些物质可以对抗肺癌。
identify 及物动词
识别；分辨
She learned how to identify medicinal herbs from a traditional Chinese doctor.
她向一位中医大夫学习如何识别草药。
valid
合理有效的；确凿的
eg: Illness is a valid excuse for being absent from work.
生病是不去上班的正当理由。
validity n.有效性
invalid 无效的
Evaluate the sources the author uses.
In doing this, be certain that the sources are credible. For example, Einstein is a credible source if the author is writing about landmark achievements in physics. Also be certain that the sources are relevant. Einstein is not a relevant source when the subject is poetry. Finally, if the author is writing about a subject in its current state, be sure that the sources are current. For example, studies done by Einstein in the early 20th century may not be appropriate if the writer is discussing the current state of knowledge in physics.
Evaluate the sources the author uses.
评估作者的引用来源。评估时，要确定这些来源是否合适的。举例来说，如果作者写的是关于物理学上里程碑式的成就，那么爱因斯坦就是一个可靠的引用。第二，要确定这些引用是相关的。如果文章主题是诗歌，那么爱因斯坦这个例子就是不相关的。最后，如果作者所写的主题是当今局势，那就一定要确保引用来源也是当前的。例如，如果作者讨论的是物理学当今的学科知识情况，那么 20 世纪早期爱因斯坦的研究可能就不太适合了。
credible
可信的；可靠的
eg: Experimental results indicate that the method is credible in theory and is feasible in technique.
实验结果表明，该方法理论上是可靠的，技术上是可行的。
incredible
不可思议的；难以置信的；惊人的
Eg: He earns an incredible amount of money.
他挣钱多的惊人。
relevant
密切相关的;切题的
近义词 related
related to
eg: Her appearance is not relevant to whether she can be a good teacher.
她的长相跟她是否能成为一个好老师没有关系。
eg: Effective communication is directly related to the size of the project team.
有效沟通与项目团队的规模是直接相关的。
反义词“irrelevant”, 不相关的；无关的 eg: Her statement is irrelevant to this case.
她的陈述与这件事不相关。
Identify any possible author bias.
A written discussion of American politics will likely look considerably different depending on whether the writer is a Democrat or a Republican. What is written may very well reflect a biased position. You need to take this possible bias into account when reading what the author has written.
That is, take what is written with “a grain of salt.”
By being a critical reader, you will become better informed and many change your views as appropriate.
甄别作者可能带有的偏见。有关美国政治的书面论述可能因作者是共和党人或是民主党人迥然而异。写出来的文章可能会很好地反映出作者的偏见态度和立场。你需要在阅读作者的文章的过程中考虑到其可能带有的偏见。这也就是说，要有持保留态度看待作者所写的文章。
作为一个批判性的读者，你会变得更加消息灵通，许多人会适当地改变你的观点。
may very well
完全能；有充分理由可以
相关表达：might well
can well could well
eg: You may very well find that the end of the book is better than the beginning.
你完全能发现这本书的结尾比开头好。
reflect
v.显示；表明；表达
reflection
n.反映；思考；（声、光、热等的）反射
eg: His dark looks are a reflection of his unhappiness.
他忧郁的神情是内心苦恼的反映。
biased
有偏见的；偏向的
Eg: Many parents are biased against popular music.
许多家长对流行音乐持有偏见。
grain
小颗粒；谷粒
a grain of wheat 一粒小米
a grain of sand 一粒沙子
with a grain of salt
有保留的；持怀疑态度的
eg: We take his predictions with a grain of salt.
我们对他的预测持保留意见/怀疑态度。
inform
informed
有学问的；有见识的
inform of
information
不可数名词
informed well-informed
形容词
eg: Please inform us of your decision and we will act accordingly.
请把你们的决定通知我们，我们会照着办的。
Text B The language of confidence
Pre-reading Questions
1. Are there any words that make you feel confident or diffident?
有能让你感觉信心倍增或信心全无的词语吗？
2. Do you believe that language can influence people’s thought? Give some examples.
你相信语言能够影响人的想法吗？请举例说明。
The language of confidence
The language we use programs our brains. Mastering our language gives us a great degree of mastery over our lives and our destinies. It is important to use the language in the best way possible in order to dramatically improve our quality of life.
我们使用语言来表达我们的大脑里所想的。掌握我们的语言给了我们对自身生活和命运以很大程度的驾驭权。尽可能地用最好的方式使用语言对显著改善我们的生活品质是很重要的。
program
The language we use programs our brains.
we use 是定语从句，修饰先行词 language,省略了关系代词“that/which”
program
v.给…编程；设定；决定
eg: A trip to the museum is programmed for next Tuesday.
已定于下周二去参观博物馆。
program
n.程序；节目；节目单；计划；安排
eg: The program will enable a large increase in student numbers.
这一计划能使学生人数大量增加。
programming n.规划；设计
programmer
n.程序设计者
master
n.硕士；主人；大师
MBA=Master of Business Administration
工商管理硕士
mastery
n.控制；驾驭
eg: The team gained mastery over its opponent.
该队占了上风。
destinies
destinies
n.命运；天命 （destiny 的复数形式）
Eg: We want to be masters of our own destinies.
我们要做自己命运的主人。
dramatically
dramatically
巨大地；惊人地；显著地
eg: This diffusion of knowledge accelerated dramatically in recent decades.
近几十年来，知识的传播速度显著加快。
Pre-reading Questions
Even the smallest of words can have the deepest effect on our subconscious mind, which is like achild, and it doesn’t really understand the difference between what really happens and what you imagine. It is eager to please and willing to carry out any commands that you give it –whether you do this knowingly or not is entirely up to you.
甚至是最小的那些单词也会对我们的潜意识产生深刻的影响，这就好比对于一个孩子来说，他并不是真正理解正在发生的事与你想象到的东西有什么区别。他渴望取悦你，乐意听从你给他下的任何命令，而你是有意还是无意地做这些完全取决于你。
please
v.使满意；讨好，取悦
eg: Such a fine meal cannot fail to please.
这样一顿好饭菜不会不使人满意。
carry out
carry out
执行；完成（任务）
Eg: There seem to be no objections to carrying out plan.
对执行这个计划似乎没有反对意见。
knowingly
knowingly
故意地；有意地
eg: He accused them of knowingly spreading rumors about him.
他指责他们故意散步有关他的谣言。
be up to
取决于
Eg: When you cut the grass is up to you.
你什么时候割草由你自己决定。
“Try”
It is a small word yet has an amazing impact upon us. If someone says, “I’ll try to do that” you know that they are not going to be putting their whole heart into it, and may not even do it at all.
How often do you use the word try when talking about the things that matter to you? Do you say “I’ll try to be more confident” or “I’ll try to do that” or “I’ll try to call”?
这虽然是一个很小的单词，但却会对我们产生巨大的影响。如果有人说：“我会努力去做”，你就知道他们并不准备全身心地去做，甚至可能根本不去做。当谈论对你很重要的事情的时候，你使用“尝试/努力”这个单词的频率如何？你会不会说“我会努力变得更有自信心”或是“我会努力去做”亦或是“我会尝试去打电话”。
impact
巨大影响；强大作用
have an impact on/upon
对…产生巨大的影响
相关表达：have an effect/influence on, shape（作动词用）
influence（作动词用）
eg: The computer revolution had an impact on the rate of technological change.
计算机革命对技术变革的速度产生了巨大的影响。matter
matter
v.有关系；要紧；有影响
eg: It doesn’t matter much whether we go together or separately.
我们是一起去还是分开去，这并不太重要。
count v.有价值的；有重要性的
eg: Her opinion counts because of her experience.
因为她有经验，所以她的意见很重要。
“Try”
Think about something that you would like to achieve, and say it to yourself in two different ways.
Firstly say, “I’ll try to…” and notice how you feel, Next say, “I will do…” and see how you feel.
The latter makes you feel better than the first one, doesn’t it? It gives you a sense of determination, a feeling that it will be done . Listen to the people around you and when they say they will try notice if it gets done or not. Eliminate the word try from your dictionary and see how your life improves.
请思考一下你想要达成的目标，然后用两种不同的方式说给你自己听听。第一种方式，你说：“我会努力去做……”，并同时注意你自己的感受。接下来用第二种方式对自己说：“我将要去做……”，并感受一下自己的感觉。
你会感觉第二种方式比第一种要好，是不是？它给你一种有决心的感觉，一种你想做的事情将要被达成的感觉。你可以观察一下你周围的人们，他们说他们会尝试做某事的时候，你注意一下看他们是否做成了。请把“尝试/努力”这个单词从你的字典里清除掉，然后看看你的生活改善了多少。
eliminate
eliminate
排除；清除；消除
Eg: We’ll have to determined if we want to eliminate pollution.
如果要消除污染，那我们就得下定决心。
“Can’t”
This is another small word with a big impact. It disempowers us , makes us feel weak and helpless,
and damages our self-esteem. It limits our infinite abilities and stifles creativity. Rub it out from your internal dictionary and replace it with something that makes you feel great.
这也是一个很小却有很大影响的单词。它削弱我们的自信心，令我们感觉软弱、无助，并且损伤我们的自尊心。它限制了我们的潜能，扼杀了我们的创造力。请把这个词从我们头脑里擦掉，并替换成使我们感觉很棒的单词。
disempower
剥夺；使失去权利
eg: She feels that women have been disempowered throughout history.
她认为在历史的长河中女性一致是被剥夺了权利的。
self-esteem
自尊心 eg: A loving family environment can foster a child’s self-esteem.
一个充满爱的家庭环境能够培养孩子的自尊心。
infinite
极大的；无穷的；无法衡量的
eg: With infinite care, John shifted position.
约翰及其小心地挪动了位置。
stifle
压制；扼杀；阻止
eg: It was an uninteresting conversation and I had to stifle a yawn.
那是一次枯燥无味的交谈，我不得不强忍住自己的哈欠。
rub…out
用橡皮擦擦掉（字迹等）
eg: You can use a rubber to rub out pencil marks which are wrong.
你可以用橡皮擦擦掉写错的铅笔字迹。
internal
内心的；头脑中的；内部的；体内的
eg: I seem to have overcome my internal fears at least temporarily.
最起码，我似乎已经暂时克服了自己内心的恐惧。
external
外面的；外部的；体外的
Eg: The engine is external to the boat.
发动机在船舷之外。
“Can’t”
Instead of saying you can't, why not say something like “I choose…” or “I choose not to…”
Using words like this allows you to take back your power and to be in control of your life.
与其说你“不能”，为什么不说“我选择做...”或者“我选择不去做...”使用那些能够让你找回力量的词语，并掌控你自己的人生。
be in control of
be in control of
掌管；管理；控制
be in the control of
由….控制；由….负责
eg: He was in the control of evil men who forced him to do wicked things.
他受了坏人的控制，他们强迫他干坏事。
“Can’t”
Words may appear small and insignificant, yet they can have a deep and lasting effect on us.
Mastering your language gives you the power to live whatever life you desire.
单词表面看起来很小，貌似微不足道，但是它们却可以对我们产生深远而持久的影响。掌控你的话语会给你带来更大的力量以便让你能过上渴望的生活。
What words do you use a lot that disempower you? Make a list of words you commonly use and then write next to them some alternatives you can use. Make these alternatives words that make you feel fabulous, not only about yourself, but about life and what you are doing!
你所经常使用的词语中哪些削弱了你的力量？请列一个清单，写出来常使用的单词，然后在它们旁边写出你可以用来替换掉它们的单词。让这些替代词不仅使你自己感觉很妙，而且使你对生活、对你所做的事情感觉无限美好吧！
alternatives
复数形式
可供选择的事物
eg: There was no alternatives for them to vote in favor.
他们别无选择，只有投票赞成。
alternative adj.可供选择的
choice
selection
alternative 既可指在相互排斥的两者之间作严格的选择，也可指在两者以上进行选择。
eg: She had no alternative but to ask for a few day’s leave.
没有其他选择，她只好请几天假。
alternatives
choice
侧重自由选择的权利或特权。
eg: There are many books, so you can make a choice.
有许多书你可以任意选择。
selection 指作广泛的选择，着重选择者的识别力或鉴赏能力。
We have a wide selection of vehicles, so you can choose from.
我这里有很多车供你选择。
fabulous
极好的；绝妙的
eg: Standing beside the shore, one sees the fabulous scenery of the sea covering the horizon.
站在海边，水天一色的海景真是太美妙了。
Tips for English Learning
Building up Your Vocabulary (1) – Practice, Practice, Practice Practice, Practice, Practice
Having a large vocabulary is basic to learning any language, and it is especially true in English.
Learning a word won’t help much if you promptly forget it. Research shows that it takes from 10 to 20 repetitions to really make a word part of your vocabulary. Here are some tips for building up your vocabulary.
词汇量大是学习任何语言的基础，在英语中尤其如此。如果你很快忘记一个单词，那么学习这个单词不会有多大帮助。研究表明，要真正使一个单词成为你词汇的一部分，需要 10 到20 次重复。这里有一些增加词汇量的小贴士。
Reading is a very good way to learn new words. Most words are learned from the context.
阅读是学习新单词的好方法。大多数单词都是从上下文中学习的。
It helps to write the word—both the definition and a sentence you make up using the word.
它有助于写出单词的定义和你用这个单词组成的句子。
As soon as you learn a new word, start using index cards that can later be reviewed.一旦你学会了一个新单词，就开始使用索引卡，以后可以复习。
It helps to review your index cards periodically to see if you forgotten any of your new words.
定期检查你的索引卡，看看你是否忘记了新单词。
How many English words can you learn per day?
你每天能学多少英语单词？
10 English words or phrases per day aren’t too many, are they? Just give it a try. You will find that you can learn them in next to no time.
每天 10 个英语单词或短语不是太多，是吗？试试看。你会发现你很快就能学会。
So why not take a little time each day(Monday to Friday) to learn 10 new words? Use the weekend to revise what you have learned during the past weeks. This way you’ll enrich your English vocabulary by 50 new words per week.(That’s 200 new English words per month!)
那么，为什么不每天花点时间（周一到周五）学习 10 个新单词呢？利用周末复习过去几周所学的内容。这样你每周可以用 50 个新单词来丰富你的英语词汇。（即每月 200 个新英语单词！）
Unit2 Mistakes to success
Speaking Activity
Giving Compliments
Jenny: I absolutely love what you’re wearing today.
Steve: You do? I just bought this outfit a couple of days ago.
Jenny: Seriously, it looks really nice on you. Where did you buy it?
Steve: I bought it from the Macy’s at the Santa Anita mall.
Jenny: I really like that outfit.
Steve: Thanks. I think you look nice today, too.
Jenny: Thank you. I just bought these new shoes earlier today.
Steve: Those are nice. What are they?
Giving Compliments
Jenny: These are some Chucks.
Steve: Those are great. How much were they?
Jenny: I got them for forty.
Steve: I think I might go and find me my own pair of Chucks.
Giving Compliments
1 absolutely love．
Seriously, it looks really nice on you.
1 really like..
I think you look nice today.
Those are nice (great).
Text A Spilt Milk
Pre-reading Questions
1. Did you make any mistakes on your way to success? Give some examples.你在通往成功的路上犯了什么错误吗？给出一些例子。
2. Do you believe that making mistakes is a necessary ingredient for success? Explain.
你认为犯错误是成功的必要因素吗？解释。
Spilt Milk 打翻的牛奶
Have you heard of the story about spilt milk? Well, we all know there is no use crying over spilt milk. But this story is different. I would hope all parents would respond in this manner.
你有没有听说过打翻牛奶这个故事？我们都知道对着打翻的牛奶哭泣是无济于事的。但本故事则不同。我多么希望所有的父母都能以这样的方式作出反应。
spilt
v. 使洒出；泼出；溢出
spill 的过去分词
用作定语
修饰 milk
过去分词作定语有前置和后置两种情况。
作前置定语：an unexpected visitor 一位不速之客
作后置定语时相当于一个定语从句
eg: Children (who are) introduced to us come from America.
介绍给我们认识的孩子来自美国。
There is no use (in) doing sth
做…是没有用的
There is no point (in) doing sth 做…是没有意义的
eg: There is no use (in) arguing with him no such things.
就这样的事情和他理论是没有用的。
respond
作出答复（反应）；响应
respond to
eg：You should think over the question before you respond to it.
回答问题之前你得慎重考虑一下。
in this manner
用这种方式；照这样
eg：In the army camp the quilts are usually folded in this manner.
在军营中，被子通常是这样折叠的。
Spilt Milk 打翻的牛奶
I recently heard a story about a famous research scientist who had made several very important medical breakthroughs. He was interviewed by a newspaper reporter who asked him why he was so much more creative than the average person; what set him so far apart from others?
在一次报社记者对他的采访中，记者问他为什么他比普通人更富有创造力，是什么让他如此与众不同。最近我听到一个故事，故事的主角是一个在医学领域取得多项重大突破的知名科学家。
Grammars1. 基本定语从句
N + who/which/that 不完整句子
做成分
缺主语/宾表语
I love Taozi. Taozi is in this room.
Grammars
Taozi teaches English.
Everyone should learn English.
Taozi needs some company.
Grammars
He was interviewed by a newspaper reporter who asked him why he was so much more creative than the average person;
who 后面引导定语从句，谓语动词 asked 后面的 him 是其间接宾语，why 引导的名词性从句是其直接宾语。
interview
v/n.采访；访问；面试
eg: The reporter had an exclusive interview with the Noble Prize winner.
那位记者独家采访了那位诺贝尔奖得主。
creative
adj.创造性的；创作的
creation
n.创造物
eg: Language picture is an interesting and creative but every expensive hobby.
语言是人类大脑最重要的产物。
set…apart from
区别；使与众不同
eg: Competence, commitment and character are what set us apart from the other competitors.
能力、敬业和道德三者使我们在竞争者中脱颖而出。
Spilt Milk 打翻的牛奶
He responded that, in his opinion, it all came from an experience with his mother that occurred when he was about two years old. He had been trying to remove a bottle of milk from the refrigerator when he lost his grip on the slippery bottle and it fell, spilling its contents all over the kitchen floor — a veritable sea of milk!
他回答道，在他看来，这全部源于他两岁时和妈妈的一次共同的经历。他试图从冰箱里取出一瓶牛奶，却没有抓住光滑的瓶子，瓶子掉了，牛奶洒得厨房满地都是——白花花的一片。
occur
发生；出现
occur to
想到
occur / happen / take place
发生
occur / happen 是指偶然发生的或者未经筹划的事件 eg: The accident happened/occurred at about nine thirty.
事故发生在 9 点 30 分左右。
happen 亦可指某件事是由另外一件事引起的。
eg: I dread to think what will happen if we are late.
我不敢想象如果我们迟到了回发生什么事。
Take place 指事情的发生是有计划的。
eg: The meeting will take place in the auditorium.
会议在礼堂举行。
Grammer
状语从句
一个句子（核心） + 一个句子（陪衬）
可乐
加冰
时间状语从句
when, while, as
since, before, after, until
while/when doing …
同时…
eg: The little girl had been crying when her mother came back home.
她妈妈回家时，小女孩一直在哭。
remove
v.移开；拿开；去掉
eg: No reader shall remove a book from the library without permission of the librarian.
不经管理员同意，读者不准把书带出图书馆。
grip
n/v.紧握；紧抓
eg: The child would not let go his grip on Tom.
这孩子紧紧抓住 Tom 不放。
slippery
adj.滑的；滑得抓不住（或站不稳、难以行走）的
eg: The slippery bar of soap seemed to jump from his hands.
一块很滑的肥皂好像从他手中跳了出去似的。
veritable
adj.十足的；名副其实的；不折不扣的
eg: We found ourselves in the midst of a veritable fairyland.
我们发现自己置身在名副其实的仙境中。
Spilt Milk 打翻的牛奶
When his mother came into the kitchen, instead of yelling at him, giving him a lecture, or punishing him, she said, "Robert, what a great wonderful mess you have made! I have rarely seen such a huge puddle of milk. Well, the damage has already been done. Would you like to get downand play in the milk for a few minutes before we clean it up?"
他妈妈走进厨房时，没有对他大吼大叫，没有训斥他或惩罚他，而是对他说：“罗伯特，瞧你把地板弄得，多么的壮观啊！我几乎从未见过这么大的一摊牛奶。噢，既然损失已经造成了，你要不要下来玩一会牛奶我们再打扫？”
yell at sb
朝某人吼叫
eg: She yelled at me in front of my colleagues.
她当着我同事的面对我大喊大叫。
lecture
n.讲课；讲座；演讲；训斥
eg: He lecture on Modern Art drew in a large crowd yesterday.
昨天他关于当代艺术的讲座吸引了很多观众。
mess
肮脏；杂乱；不整洁
make a mess
搞得一团糟
What a mess!
真是一团糟！
messy
adj.散乱的；肮脏的
eg: Working under the car is always a messy job.
在汽车底下工作是件脏活。
Grammer
感叹句：
What+（a/an+adj.+可数名词单数）+主语+谓语！
What a cold day it is !
What+（adj+可数名词的复数形式）+主语+谓语！
What tall trees they are !
What+（adj+不可数名词）+主语+谓语！
What dry weather it is !
Exercise
用 “what”或“how”将相应的句子改为感叹句。
1、Wu Peng jumps high！
____ high Wu Peng jumps！
2、It’s an interesting film.
____ an interesting film it is！
3、 The sun is bright.
____bright the sun is!
4、The book is very interesting.
____ interesting the book is!
Spilt Milk 打翻的牛奶
Indeed, he did. After a few minutes, his mother said, "You know, Robert, whenever you make amess like this, eventually you have to clean it up and restore everything to its proper order. So, how would you like to do that? We could use a sponge, a towel, or a mop. Which do you prefer?"
He chose the sponge and together they cleaned up the spilt milk.
他真的在一地的牛奶上玩了一会儿。几分钟后，妈妈又说：“罗伯特，你要知道，每次像这样搞得一团糟，最终还是要收拾干净，让一切恢复原位。所以，你看该怎么打扫好呢?我们可以使用一块海绵、一条毛巾或者一个拖把。你喜欢用哪一个呢?”他选择了海绵，并和妈妈一起把地板上的牛奶打扫干净。
eventually
eventually
最后；终于
eg: We eventually ran out of patience with his childish behavior.
我们终于对他幼稚的行为失去了耐心。
restore
restore
v. 使复原；使复位，使复职
restore to
恢复为；复原为
eg: As they smiled at each other, harmony was restored again.
他们彼此微笑的时候，又恢复了往日的和睦。
Spilt Milk 打翻的牛奶
His mother then said, "You know, what we have here is a failed experiment in how to effectively carry a big milk bottle with two tiny hands. Let's go out in the back yard and fill the bottle with water and see if you can discover a way to carry it without dropping it." The little boy learned that if he grasped the bottle at the top near the lip with both hands, he could carry it without dropping it.
What a wonderful lesson!
他妈妈接着对他说：“你知道，今天我们实际上做了个实验——如何用两只小手稳妥地端一个大的牛奶瓶，可惜我们的实验失败了。那我们去后院继续做实验吧，给瓶子里装上水，看看你能不能发现用什么方法端这个瓶子它不会掉。”于是这个小男孩学会了用双手抓住瓶子上面靠近瓶盖的位置，这样端的时候瓶子就不会掉。多么美妙的一堂课!
tiny
adj.极小的；微小的
eg: My clothes won’t all go into tiny suitcase.
那个小行李箱放不下我所有的衣服。
grasp
v.抓紧；抓牢；把握
eg: Grasp my hand and I will pull you over the wall.
抓住我的手，我就把你拉进墙来。
grasp
n.掌握；抓住；把握；控制
eg: I kept her hand in my grasp.
我抓住她的手。
Spilt Milk 打翻的牛奶 The renowned scientist remarked that it was at that moment that he knew he didn't need to be afraid to make mistakes. Instead, he learned that mistakes were just opportunities for learning something new, which is, after all, what scientific experiments are all about. Even if the experiment “doesn't work”, we usually learn something valuable from it. Wouldn't it be great if all parents would respond (in)the way Robert's mother responded to him?
这位著名的科学家谈论道，正是在那一刻他明白了无需害怕犯错误。相反，他认识到错误正是学习新东西的机会，毕竟任何科学实验都是如此。即使实验“行不通”，我们往往也能从中得到一些宝贵的经验。如果所有家长都像罗伯特的妈妈那样对待孩子该有多好啊!
remark
v.说；谈论；评论
remark on/upon
对…发表评论
eg：People you know or have just met often remark on your appearance.
认识你的人或刚刚认识你的人，都常常谈论你的外表。
remark
n.话语；评论
eg: He got angry with me because of my remark.
他由于我讲的话而生我的气。
remarkable
adj.显著的；非凡的
eg: She showed remarkable courage when she heard the bad news.
她听到这坏消息时，表现出了非凡的勇气。
opportunity
n.时机；机会
opportunity / chance 机会
opportunity 指一般的机会，特别指有利的机会
eg：I’d like to take this opportunity to thank everyone for their help.
我愿趁此机会感谢大家的帮助。
chance
指具有较多的偶然的机会
eg: Is there any chance of our meeting again?
我们还有见面的机会吗？
valuable
adj.宝贵的；贵重的；有价值的
eg: A man is valued as he makes himself valuable.
invaluable
adj.确实非常有用的；极有价值的
priceless
adj.非常珍贵的；无价的
valueless
adj.没有价值的；不值钱的
worthless
adj.没有什么价值的；没用的
Text B The Cake
Pre-reading Questions
1. Have you ever been wrongly blamed by your parents? How did you feel at that moment?
你曾经被父母错误地责备过吗？那一刻你感觉如何？
2. What suggestions would you give to the parents who are blinded to their children’s merits?你会 给那些对孩子的优点视而不见的父母什么建议？
The Cake
Cindy glanced nervously at the clock on the kitchen wall. Five minutes before midnight.
"They should be home any time now," she thought as she put the finishing touches on the chocolate cake she was frosting. It was the first time in her 12 years she had tried to make a cake from scratch, and to be honest, it wasn't exactly an aesthetic triumph. The cake was…well,lumpy. And the frosting was bitter, as if she had run out of sugar or something, which, of course, she had.
辛迪紧张地瞥了一眼挂在厨房墙壁上的时钟，还有 5 分钟就到午夜了。“现在，他们随时都会回来。”她一边想着，一边在巧克力蛋糕上抹上最后一些糖霜。这是她从小到大 12 年来第一次尝试制作蛋糕，完全是从头学起。不过说实话，蛋糕至少从审美角度说不算成功。这块蛋糕……嗯，看起来凹凸不平。糖霜是苦的，好像她把糖或者别的什么东西都用光了。当然，糖的确是用光了。
glance
瞥一眼；匆匆一看；扫视
eg: I thought I heard someone following me, and glancing round, I caught sight of dark figure in the shadows.
我觉得我听到了有人跟随我的声音，便扫视四周，发现黑暗中有一个人影。
from scratch
从头开始；从零开始
eg: He lost all money and had to start again completely from scratch.
他损失了所有的钱，只好再从零开始。
aesthetic
审美的；美学的
triumph
巨大成功；伟大胜利；凯旋
eg: Her sense of triumph was short-lived.
她只是短暂地感受到了成功。
The Cake
And then there was the way the kitchen looked. Imagine a huge blender filled with all the fixings for chocolate cake — including the requisite bowls, pans and utensils. Now imagine that the blender is turned on. High speed. With the lid off. Do you get the idea?
再看看她把厨房搞成什么样了。想象一个巨大的搅拌机，里面盛着制作蛋糕的全部原料——包括必备的锅、碗及其他器皿。再想象一下这个搅拌机开动了，高速运转，盖子是打开着的。
你能想象出这是什么样的场景吗？
But Cindy wasn't thinking about the mess. She had created something, a veritable phoenix of flour and sugar rising out of the kitchen clutter. She was anxious for her parents to return home from their date so she could present her anniversary gift to them. She turned off the kitchen lights and waited excitedly in the darkness.
但辛迪没有考虑这些混乱。她创造了某件东西，一只用面粉和糖做成的十足的凤凰正从厨房的一片狼藉中升起。她焦急地等待着父母约会后回来，以便她能将自己的周年纪念礼物送给他们。她关掉厨房的灯，在黑暗中兴奋地等待着。
present
v.把…交给；颁发；授予；递交
present sb to sth = present sb with sth
eg: The chairman presented a certificate to the prize winner.
主席向获奖者颁发了证书。
present
n.现在，目前；礼物
at present 现在
eg: Then her thoughts would switch to the present.
然后，她的思绪会转到现在。
present
adj.现在的；目前的；出席的
eg: He was not present at the scene of the accisent.
他当时不在事故现场。
anniversary
周年纪念日
eg: A golden wedding is the fiftieth of a marriage.
金婚是结婚 50 周年纪念日。
The Cake
When at last she saw the flash of the car headlights, she positioned herself in the kitchen doorway. By the time she heard the key sliding into the front door, she was THIS CLOSE to exploding.
终于，她看见汽车头灯在闪烁，她在厨房门口站定。当她听到钥匙插进前门锁孔的声音时，她的心激动得几乎要蹦出来了!
flash
v.闪光；闪耀
eg: There was a flash of light in the distance.
远处灯光一闪。
position
v.安装；安置；使处于
eg: He positioned the lamp in the middle of the table.
他把灯光放置在桌子中央。
slide
v.使快捷而悄声地移动；滑动
eg: He slid into the driver’s seat without being noticed.
他乘人不注意，悄悄溜到驾驶员座位上。
explode
v.突然爆发；迸发（感情）；爆炸
eg: Many boys explode firecrackers on the Lantern Festival.许多男孩在元宵灯节燃放鞭炮。
explosion
n.爆炸；激增
eg: The police arrived right at the moment of the explosion.
就在爆炸的那个时候，警察赶到啦。
The Cake
Her parents tried to slip in quietly, but Cindy would have none of that. She flipped on the lights dramatically and trumpeted: “Ta-daaa!” She gestured grandly toward the kitchen table, where a slightly off-balance two-layer chocolate cake awaited their inspection.
父母尽量放轻脚步，悄悄地走进门来，但辛迪可不管那些。她激动地用手指按下电灯开关，大声叫道：“看！”她庄严地向厨房的餐桌打了个手势，一个稍微有点不平衡的双层蛋糕正在等待着他们的检阅。
slip
v.悄悄疾行；溜
eg: He tried to slip past the ticket collector at the dock.
他设法从码头的收票人身边溜过去。
await
v.等候；等待
eg: Very little was said as we awaited the arrival of the chairman.
我们等候主席到来的时候都没怎么说话。
The Cake
But her mother's eyes never made it all the way to the table.“Just look at this mess!”she moaned.
“How many times have I talked to you about cleaning up after yourself?”
“But Mom, I was only… ”
但是母亲的眼睛压根儿就没有向餐桌那边看去。“看看你搞得什么啊！”母亲埋怨道，“我给你说了多少次吃完饭要随手收拾干净?”
“可是妈妈，我只是……”
moan
v.抱怨；呻吟
eg: This type likes to moan and complain about everything.
这类人经常无病呻吟或者什么都要抱怨。
moan
n.呻吟声；悲叹声
eg: Each time she moved her head she let out a moan.
她每转动一下，就发出一声呻吟。
The Cake
"I should make you clean this up right now, but I'm too tired to stay up with you to make sure you get it done right," her mother said. "So you'll do it first thing in the morning.”
"Honey," Cindy's father interjected gently, "take a look at the table."
“我现在就想让你立刻收拾干净，但是今天太累了，没法熬夜监督你干活，”母亲说，“你明早起床第一件事就是收拾厨房。”
“亲爱的”，辛迪的父亲小声提醒道，“看看餐桌”。
interject
v.打断；插话
eg: He listened thoughtfully, interjecting occasionally.
他仔细地听着，只是偶尔插句话。
gently
gently
adj.温柔地；温和地；和缓地
eg: He patted me gently on the back.
他轻轻地在我背上拍了一下。
The Cake
"I know — it's a mess," his wife said coldly. "The whole kitchen is a disaster. I can't stand to look at it." She stormed up the stairs and into her room, slamming the door shut behind her.
“我知道——餐桌上一团糟”，母亲冷冷地说，“整个厨房简直就是一场灾难。我实在是看不下去。”她气冲冲地上了楼梯，进了房间，砰的一声把门关上。
storm
storm
v.气呼呼地疾走
eg: The boy stormed into his room after being wronged by his father.
被父亲冤枉后，男孩气呼呼地走进了自己的房间。
slam
v.使…砰地关上
eg: Suddenly they heard the back door slam.
突然间，他们听到后门砰地关上了。
The Cake
For a few moments Cindy and her father stood silently, neither one knowing what to say（独立主格结构）. At last she looked up at him, her eyes moist and red. "She never saw the cake," she said.
辛迪和父亲静立片刻，两人都不知该说什么。最后辛迪抬头看着父亲，发红的眼睛里含着泪水。“她根本没看到蛋糕”，她说。
Grammer
独立主格
独立主格结构本身不是句子，由两部分构成，即名词或代词+非谓语动词（不定式、动名词和分词）或形容词、副词、介词短语。
eg: The work done (=After the work had been done), we went home.
工作完成后，我们就回家了。
The Cake
Unfortunately, Cindy's mother isn't the only parent who suffers from Situational
TimbercularGlaucoma（青光眼）— the occasional inability to see the forest for the trees. From time to time we all allow ourselves to be blinded to issues of long-term significance by stuff that seems awfully
important right now, but isn't. Muddy shoes, lost lunch money and messy kitchens are troublesome, and they deserve their place among life's frustrations.
不幸的是，辛迪的母亲不是唯一一个这样的父母，他们患有情景性森林青光眼——临时性地只见树木不见森林。由于那些眼下貌似极其重要但并非重要的事情，我们有时会对具有长远重要意义的事情视而不见。沾上泥的鞋、丢了的午餐费、脏乱的厨房，这些东西是很讨厌，值得让人沮丧一阵子了。
blind to
使无视；对…视而不见
eg: His optimism blinded him to many problems.
他的乐观态度使他对许多问题视而不见。
blind
v.弄瞎；使失明；蒙蔽
eg: He was blind
accidentally in the left eye.
他意外弄瞎了左眼。
issue
n.重要议题；争论的问题
eg：We hold similar views on this issue, but out of different considerations.
我们在这个问题上观点相同，但出发点不一样。
significance
n.意义；重要性
eg：This fact has little significant for your whole future.
这一实施对我们没有什么意义。
stuff
n. 物品；玩意儿
不可数名词
eg：Let’s throw all the old stuff out of the house！
咱们把家里的破旧东西扔掉吧！
awful
adj.可怕的；非常的
eg：The weather is awful today.
今天天气糟糕透了。
awfully
adv.可怕地；非常地
troublesome
adj.令人烦恼的；令人痛苦的
eg: Chinese characters are troublesome for foreigners to write.
对于外国人来说，写汉字令人感到很痛苦。
deserve
v.值得；应得；应受 eg：This people deserve to make more than the minimum wage.
这些人应该得到比最低工资更高的报酬。
The Cake
But what's a little mud — even on new carpet — compared to a child's self-esteem? Is a lost dollar more valuable than a youngster's emerging dignity? And while kitchen sanitation is important, is it worth the sacrifice of tender feelings and relationships?
但是和孩子的自尊心相比，一个泥点——哪怕是粘在了新铺的地毯上——又能算什么呢？丢失的一美元难道比一个孩子成长中的尊严更宝贵？厨房的卫生固然重要，可是值得为此牺牲温柔的亲情吗？
sacrifice
n/v.牺牲；舍弃
eg：You must not sacrifice studies for pleasure.
你不能为贪图享乐而舍弃学业。
while
当…的时候；与….同时；然而；虽然；尽管
eg：While he loves his students, he is very strict with them.
虽然他很爱他的学生，但是他对他们很严格。
The Cake
I'm not saying that our children don't need to learn responsibility, or to occasionally suffer the painful consequences of their own bad choices. Those lessons are vital, and need to be carefully taught. But as parents, we must never forget that we're not just teaching lessons — we're teaching children. That means there are times when we really need to see the mess in the kitchen, and times when we only (need) to see the cake.
我不是说我们的孩子不需要学会负责任，不需要有时为自己错误的选择付出痛苦的代价。这些道理也很重要，需要认真教授于他们。但是作为父母，我们不要忘了我们一不仅仅是在教课——我们是在教孩子。这意味着有时候我们确实要看到厨房的脏乱，而有时候我们只需看到蛋糕。
consequence
n.结果；后果
consequently
adv.所以，因此
as a consequence
因而
as a consequence of 作为…的结果
in consequence
结果
eg: As a consequence, their living standards were quite low.
因此，他们的生活水准是很低的。
Tips for English Learning Building up Your Vocabulary (2) - Use the Context Use the Context Having a large vocabulary is basic to learning any language, and it is especially true in English.Reading is a very good way to learn new words. So is doing puzzles or playing different kinds of word games. Most vocabulary words are learned from the context. The more words you’re exposed to, the better vocabulary you will have.
词汇量大是学习任何语言的基础，在英语中尤其如此。阅读是学习新单词的好方法。玩拼图或玩各种文字游戏也是如此。大多数词汇都是从上下文中学习的。你接触的单词越多，你的词汇量就越好。
While you read, pay close attention to the words you don’t know. Frist, try to figure out their meanings from the context. Then look the words up. Read and listen to challenging material so that you’ll be exposed to many new words.
当你阅读时，密切注意你不知道的单词。首先，试着从上下文中找出它们的意思。然后查单词。阅读和听有挑战性的材料，这样你就会接触到许多新单词。
Unit3 Friendship and loyalty
Speaking Activity
Marking, Accepting and Refusing an Invitation
Steve: Would you like to go out to dinner tonight, Jenny?
Jenny: That would be very nice. Having you got anywhere particular in mind?
Steve: I was wondering if you’d like to go to that new Japanese restaurant that’s opened on Elm Avenue.
Jenny: I’d rather go somewhere else, if you don’t mind. I really don’t feel like that… all that raw fish.
Steve: What about going to a Chinese restaurant in Chinatown?
Jenny: I’d like that very much. What sort of time?
Marking, Accepting and Refusing an Invitation
Steve: Shall we make it 6:00 in front of the library?
Jenny: 6:00 in front of the library. Yes, that’s fine.
Steve: Good. That’s give me a chance to take any library books back before we meet. See you later.
Marking, Accepting and Refusing an Invitation
Would you be interesting in…?
I was wondering if you’d like to…
It would be very nice if you could…
We’d like that…
Shall we make it…?
Are you free to…?
Why don’t you…?
That sounds very nice. Thank you.
Marking, Accepting and Refusing an Invitation
Yes, that would be lovely/marvelous. Thank you.
That’s very kind of you, but I’m afraid…
I’d love to, but I’m sorry I can’t.
Thank you for the invitation.
I hate to turn you down, but I don’t really think I can.
I appreciate your invitation, but I’m afraid I can’t.Text A Reflections: Friendship and Loyalty Pre-reading Questions
1. Do you believe that loyal friends are available on the Internet?
你认为网上有忠实的朋友吗?
2. What personal qualities matter most in your choice of friends? And why?
在你选择朋友时，什么样的个人品质最重要？为什么？
Reflections: Friendship and Loyalty
How many of us recognize true loyalty in a friend? Loyalty consists of a friend, who will stick by you, through thick and thin. A friend who is always honest with you and never betrays the friendship with lies is a loyal friend. If you have a loyal friend, you have indeed found a true virtue in that friend.
我们中有多少人真正意识到了朋友对你的忠诚？一个朋友对你不离不弃，与你同甘共苦，这就是忠诚。总是对你忠心耿耿，从不撒谎背弃友谊，这样的朋友就是忠诚的朋友。如果你有这样一个忠诚的朋友，那么你就会发现这位朋友身上可贵的品德。
recognize
v.承认；意识到；识别
recognize / identify / make out
识别
recognize 指多辨认的人或物多是以前熟悉的。
eg: She had changed so much that I could hardly recognize her.
她变得使我简直认不出来了。
identify 指辨别、确定人的身份或物品的归属等。
eg: Can you identify the man by his picture?
你能根据这个人的照片辨认出他来吗？
make out 通常指通过人的感觉器官来辨别事物
It was difficult to make out the manager’s handwriting.
经理的字迹很难辨认。
loyalty
忠诚；忠实；忠心耿耿
loyalty to
eg: He was respected because of his loyalty to his country.
由于他对国家的忠心，他受到了人们的尊敬。
consist of
由…组成；包括
A consist of B = A be made up of B
A 是整体，B 是各组成部分
eg: The book consists of nineteen chapters.
全书由 19 章组成。
stick by
坚持忠于；不离不弃（某人）
eg: They promised to stick by one another no matter what happened.
他们承诺，不管发生什么事，都会不离不弃。
through thick and thin
不畏艰难险阻
eg: We’ll support you through thick and thin.
不管多么艰难困苦，我们都要支持你。
indeed
adv.其实；实际上
eg: Indeed, he is the right person to take this job.
实际上，他是做这份工作的合适人选。
virtue
高尚的道德；正直的品性；道德
eg: Modesty is a kind of virtue.
谦虚是一种美德。
Reflections: Friendship and Loyalty
The current trend on the internet is befriending anyone who requests to be your friend. However, this new trend may lead to disasters. It may be popular and trendy to have a network filled with a multitude of mutual friends. However, one true loyal friend may be the only friend you need.
现在网络上盛行的做法是：不管是谁要求做你的朋友，都一律接受。然而，这种新的趋势可能会惹祸上身。在网络上可能大家相互之间都是朋友，但是真正忠诚的朋友才是你所需要的朋友。
befriend
v.做（尤指需要帮助者的）朋友；友善相待
Befool=be + fool
欺骗；愚弄
befog=be + fog
烟雾笼罩；使模糊
becloud=be + cloud
（云雾等）遮蔽；遮掩
eg: If you don’t care about me, why did you befriend me?
如果你不在乎我，为什么和我做朋友？
request
n/v.请求；要求
eg：They requested him to leave.
他们请求他离开。
trend
trend
n.趋势；趋向；动态
eg：The general trend of history cannot be changed.
历史的大趋势是不能改变的。
trendy
adj.时髦的；赶时髦的
eg: Knowing what will be trendy tomorrow is becoming valuable to businessmen.
知道明天会流行什么对商人来说是有价值的。multitude
multitude
众多；大量
a multitude of
众多的；大量的
eg: There are a multitude of people in the hall.
大厅里有很多人。
Reflections: Friendship and Loyalty
A term used on the popular Facebook site is B.F.F. This acronym means best friends forever. Are they really your best friends forever? You might ask yourself this question, "Will they share my private matters with others on the pages of Facebook, or perish the thought, engage in gossip about me with others?" If the answer to that is , "I don't know", more than likely, they will not be your best friends forever. Maybe not, even for a day.
在脸谱网站上很流行的一个缩略语就是 B．F．F．，意思是“永远是最好的朋友”。他们真的永远都是你最好的朋友吗？你可能会问自己这样的问题，“他们会将我的私事发布在脸谱网页上与他人分享吗？甚至与他人一起八卦我的隐私吗？但愿永远不会。”如果答复是“我不知道”，那么他们非常有可能不会永远是你最好的朋友。也许不是，甚至一天都不是。
term
n.词语；术语；措辞
eg: The document is expressed in terms that are readily understood and agreed.
文件措辞浅显易懂，让人易于接受。
site
n.网站；站点；场所
eg: Recordings of our meetings are also placed on our school website.
会议记录也能在我们学校网站上找到。
acronym
n.首字母缩略词
eg: UNESCO is an acronym for “United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization”.
UNESCO 是联合国教科文组织的首字母缩略词。
perish
perish
v.丧失；毁灭
perish the thought
甭想了；但愿不会如此
eg: He who has courage and faith will never perish in misery.
有勇气和信心的人不会死于痛苦。
engage in
（使）从事；参加
eg: I have no time to engage in the debate contest.我没时间参加辩论赛。
gossip
流言蜚语
eg: She broadcast the gossip all over the town.
她将这个流言传遍全镇。
Reflections: Friendship and Loyalty
I choose to have a B.L.F., a best loyal friend, for those of you who may be challenged by the use
of acronyms during this age of technology and fast-talking.
在当今这个技术发达、花言巧语盛行的时代，你可能不得不使用各种缩略词语，因此我建议你结交 B．L．F．，即最忠实的朋友。
challenge
考查…的能力；考验…的技巧；质疑；挑战
eg: The job doesn’t really challenge him.
这项工作不能真正地考验他。
Reflections: Friendship and Loyalty
Loyalty found in a friend is akin to making a deposit in a bank account. More often than not, your deposits gain interest, an interest in your well-being and welfare. A loyal friend attracts another loyal friend. In essence, water does seek its own level.
在朋友身上找到忠诚，就如同是在银行账户里存款一样。你的账户经常会有利息，为你的健康和安全投资。忠诚的朋友吸引另一个忠诚的朋友，本质上，水自然会向下流——朋友间总是惺惺相惜。
akin
adj. 相似的；类似的
akin to 类似于
eg: He felt something akin to pity.
他感到有一种类似于怜悯的感情。
deposit
n. 存款；定金
eg: He has a large deposit in the bank.
他在银行里有大笔存款。
account
n. 账户
eg: The bank account offers savers instant access to funds.
银行账户让存款人能随时存取款。
cash（现金）
interest（利息）
saving(s) account（活期账户）
check（支票）
withdraw（取钱） financial management（理财）
essenceessence
n. 本质；实质；精髓
in essence 本质上
eg: Physics, based on experiments, is an experimental science in essence.
物理学，一门以实验为基础的科学，从本质上说是一门实验科学。
seek
v. 寻找
hunt / explore / track / seek / search for
寻找，搜寻
seek 语气庄重，语气强，使用广，多暗示作出很大努力去寻求某人或物
eg: Many country girls drifted into cities to seek work.
许多农村姑娘流入城市找工作。
hunt 一般指寻找所需的物件，或对罪犯的搜寻，特指追猎。
eg: They went to the island to hunt the buried treasure.
他们到岛上去寻找埋藏的宝物。
explore 一般指对未知事物或新生事物的探索、观察与研究。
eg: We must explore all possible ways to increase food production.
我们必须寻求增加食品产量的一切可能的途径。
track 侧重按一定线索追查出结果。
eg: The police used dogs tp track the criminal.
警察用警犬来追踪罪犯。
Search A for B 侧重努力和彻底搜寻 A（某人或某地）来寻找到 B.
eg: His first task was to search them for weapons.
他首先要搜查他们身上是否携带武器。
Reflections: Friendship and Loyalty
If you were a B.L.F. way before Facebook gained notoriety, then I‘m sure you understand the premise of loyalty in a friend. You should never exploit your B.L.F. to gain more friends or make yourself seem more important to others. These are not the traits of a best loyal friend.
A best loyal friend does not care who is invited to your party. They will attend your party and celebrate you, just in the way a best loyal friend should do.
如果在脸谱网站盛行之前你们就是最忠诚的朋友，那我相信你理解忠诚的前提是什么，你永远也不要利用你最忠诚的朋友来结识更多的朋友，或者让你自己在别人面前显得非常重要，这些都不是最忠诚的朋友应该具有的品质。
最忠诚的朋友不在意你都邀请了谁来参加你的聚会，他们会以好友的身份来参加你的聚会，向你表示祝贺。
notorious
notoriety
n.恶名；坏名声
notorious
adj.臭名昭著的；声名狼藉的
eg: He was notorious as a gambler.
他是个臭名昭著的赌徒。
premise
n.前提；设定 eg: We can draw a conclusion from the premise.
我们可以从这个前提得出结论。
in the way
in the way
像….那样；照这（那）样
eg: Just love them, in the way they want to be loved.
就以他们想要的方式去爱他们。
Reflections: Friendship and Loyalty
Reconnecting with a best loyal friend is easier to do on the pages of Facebook. However, a virtual friend does not assure you of his loyalty. My caution to you is that you'd better pay attention to the smiling faces on the Facebook pages. In the eighties we were warned of smiling faces in a song, which contained these lyrics, "A smile is just a frown turned upside down, my friend." Now, that is the undisputed truth for my generation.
在脸谱的网页上跟最忠诚的朋友保持联络是很容易的事情。但是，虚拟的朋友无法保证永远对你忠诚。我建议你最好提防网页上的那些笑脸。80 年代的一首歌就提醒我们提防笑脸，歌词是这样的，“朋友，笑容其实就是紧锁的眉头倒转过来的。”这就是我这一代人所面对的不容置疑的事实。
reconnect
v.再联系；重新联系
disconnect
v.断开；切断
eg: Holidays are the right time to reconnect with someone from your past.
假期是重新联系老友的合适时机。
assure
使确信；向…保证
assure sb of sth
使…放心；向…保证
assure / ensure / insure / guarantee / pledge / promise
保证
eg: I can assure you of the reliability of the news.
我可以向你保证这消息是可靠的。
caution
caution
n.警告；告诫
cautious
adj.小心的；谨慎的
eg: His gesture indicated a caution.
他的手势表示警告。
warn
warn
v.警告
warn sb of sth
警告某人某事
warn sb (not) to do sth
警告某人（不）要做某事
eg: I shouted to him to warn him of the danger.
我对他大声喊叫，警告他有危险。dispute
dispute
n/v.争论；争辩
disputed
adj.有争议的
undisputed
adj.不容置疑的
eg: The global warming has been an undisputed truth.
全球气候变暖已是一个不争的事实。
Text B A Tribute to the Dog
A Tribute to the Dog
Pre-reading Questions
1. Why do many people choose to keep dogs as pets instead of other animals?
为什么许多人选择养狗而不是其他动物？
2. Why do you think a growing number of Chinese, especially the elderly, prefer to keep pets?
你认为为什么越来越多的中国人，尤其是老年人，更喜欢养宠物？
A Tribute to the Dog
The best friend a man has in this world may turn against him and become his enemy. His son or daughter whom he has reared with loving care may prove ungrateful. Those who are nearest and dearest to us, those whom we trust with our happiness and our good name, may become traitors to their faith.
一个人在这个世界上最好的朋友也许会背叛他，成为他的敌人。他尽心哺育的儿女也许会忘恩负义。那些我们最亲密、最亲近的人，那些我们信任，将全部幸福和名誉都托付的人，也许会背信弃义。
turn against
背叛；反对
eg: Nothing could make me turn against my country.
什么也不能使我背叛我的祖国。
rear
抚养；养育；培养
eg: It takes ten years to grow trees, but a hundred years to rear people.
十年树木，百年树人。
grateful
adj.感激的；感谢的
ungrateful
adj.不领情的；忘恩负义的
eg: I was grateful for the old man’s wise advice.
我很感激那位老人贤明的忠告。
traitor
n.背叛者；叛徒
traitor to
eg: He was seen as a traitor to the country.他被视为国家的叛徒。
faith
n.信任；相信；信心
belief / faith / confidence / trust
信任
eg: She had placed a great deal of faith in her husband.
她对丈夫极其信任。
A Tribute to the Dog
The money that a man has he may lose. It flies away from him, perhaps when he needs it most. A man's reputation may be sacrificed in a moment of ill-considered action. The people who are prone to fall on their knees to do us honor when success is with us may be the first to throw the stone of malice when failure settles its cloud upon our heads. The one absolute, unselfish friend a man may have in this selfish world, the one that never deserts him, the one that never proves ungrateful or treacherous, is his dog.
一个人的钱也许会丢失，也许在最需要的时候不翼而飞了。由于考虑不周全，一个人的名誉也许就毁于一旦。当我们功成名就，一些人卑躬屈膝极力讨好；当失败的阴云笼罩在我们头顶，那些人又可能最先对我们落井下石。在这个自私的世界里，人类所拥有的唯一不自私的朋友，唯一不抛弃他的朋友，唯一不忘恩负义的朋友，就是狗。
reputation
n.名誉；名声
eg: His reputation as a statesman is splendid.
作为政治家，他的名声极好。
prone
很可能….的
prone to do
易于
eg: He was prone anger.
他易于发怒。
malice
n.恶意；怨恨
eg: She did it out of malice.
她出于恶意做了这件事。
selfish
adj.自私的
unselfish
adj.无私的
eg: You must learn to share and not be so selfish.
你一定要学会与他人分享，不要那么自私。
desert
abandon / desert / leave / give up
抛弃/放弃
abandon 强调永远或完全放弃或抛弃人或事物等，可能是被迫的，也可能是自愿的。
eg: Each side declared that it would never abandon its principle.各方都说绝不放弃自己的原则。
desert 着重指违背法律责任和义务，或自己的信仰与誓言，多含非难的意味。
eg: Never desert a friend in need.
绝不要抛弃有困难的朋友。
leave 普通用词，指舍弃某事或职业，或终止同某人的关系，但不涉及动机。
eg: It was bad for him to leave his friend without help.
他不提供帮助而是抛弃朋友，他真是很坏。
give up 普通用语，侧重指没有希望或因外界压力而放弃。
eg: After a fruitless morning sitting at his desk he gave up.
他在书桌前徒劳地坐了一上午之后便放弃了。
A Tribute to the Dog
A man's dog stands by him in prosperity and in poverty, in health and in sickness. He will sleep on the cold ground when the wintry winds blow and the snow drives fiercely, if only he can be nea his master's side. He will kiss the hand that has no food to offer. He will lick the sores and wounds that come in the encounter with the roughness of the world. He guards the sleep of his pauper master as if he were a prince.
无论富贵还是贫穷，无论健康还是患病，狗都会始终如一地忠于你。只要能靠近主人，就算地面冷硬，寒风吹袭，冰雪狂飘，他会毫不在意地躺在主人身边。即使主人无食喂养，它也会亲吻主人的手，舔舐主人手上因抵抗这个冷酷的世界而受的创伤。即使主人贫困潦倒，主人睡觉的时候，它也会像守护着王子那样守护着主人。
stand by
支持；帮助；忠于
eg: After all, we’re friends, and we ought to stand by one another.
不管怎么说，我们是朋友，应该互相帮助。
prosperity
n.兴旺；繁荣；昌盛
prosperous
adj.兴旺的；繁荣的
eg: In recent years the country has increased in economic prosperity.
近年来该国经济日益繁荣。
Grammer
If only
是 if 的强调式， 通常表示说话人的愿望。
If only he comes in time.（真实条件句）= I hope he will come in time.
希望他能及时来。
If only he didn’t drive so fast.（虚拟语气）= I wish he didn’t drive so fast.
要是他当时没开那么快就好了。
Lick
v.舔
eg: One of the nearest dogs was the quickest to lick up the honey.
离得最近的一只狗最快把蜂蜜舔得干干净净。sore
ache / pain / sore
疼痛
ache 指人体某一器官较持久的疼痛，常常是隐痛。
eg: She felt an ache in her back.
她感到后背隐隐有些痛。
pain 既可指一般疼痛，也可指剧痛，疼痛范围可以是局部的，也可以是全身的，时间可长可短。也可引申为精神上的痛苦。
eg: The wounded man let out a cry of pain.
伤员发出一阵痛苦的叫喊声。
sore
sore 即可指身体某部位的痛处，也可以指精神上的痛苦。
eg: The sore on my hand hurts.
我手背上的疮有点痛。
encounter
v.遭遇；遇到
eg: We encounter so many problems in our work.
我们在工作中遇到如此多的问题。
roughness
艰辛；粗糙
eg: I have no patience with his roughness.
我不能容忍他的粗暴。
Grammer
As if 引导的从句使用了虚拟语气
He guards the sleep of his pauper master as if he were a prince
guard
n/v.警卫；守卫
eg: The guard stopped him from going through the gate.
警卫不让他通过大门。
A Tribute to the Dog
When all other friends desert, he remains. When riches take wings and reputation falls to pieces, he is as constant in his love as the sun in its journey through the heavens. If fortune drives the master forth, an outcast in the world, friendless and homeless, the faithful dog asks no higher privilege than that of accompanying him to guard him against danger, to fight against his enemies. And when the last scene of all comes and death takes its master in its embrace and the body is laid away in the cold ground, no matter if all other friends pursue their way, there by his graveside will the noble dog be found, his head between his paws, his eyes sad but open in alert watch fulness faithful and true even to death.即使主人所有的朋友都弃他而去，狗也会留下来。
当主人家财四散、名誉扫地，它对主人的忠诚仍然宛如日升日落，亘古不变。如果主人遭世人遗弃，举目无亲，无家可归时，忠诚的狗除了陪伴在主人左右，保护他不受伤害之外别无所求。当最后一刻到来时，死神将主人拥入怀里，尸体被丢弃在冰冷的地下，不管其他的朋友是否各奔东西，那只高尚的狗会一直守在主人的坟墓旁边，仰首于两足之间，两只眼睛流露出哀伤的神情，却警惕地守着墓地，对主人的忠诚始终如一，至死不渝。
take wings
飞走
eg: The love that teachers give students can make their hopes take wings.
老师给学生的爱能够让学生们展翅飞翔。
fall to pieces
崩溃；倒塌
eg: He will fall to pieces if he does stop working so hard.
如果他再这样拼命干下去，身体会垮掉的。
constant
adj.不变的；固定的
eg: Constant effort leads to sure success.
不断努力，必定成功。
outcast
n.被抛弃者；被排斥者
eg: He was treated as a social outcast.
他成为被社会所摒弃的人。
privilege
特殊利益；优惠待遇
privilege to
eg: It was a privilege to hear her sing.
能听到她唱歌十分荣幸。
accompany
v.陪伴
eg: Everything will pass; only wisdom will accompany us forever！
一切都是过眼云烟，唯有智慧永远伴随我们！
scene
n.事件；场面
eg: A crowd soon gathered at the scene of thee accident.
群众迅速聚集在事故现场。
pursue
v.追求；致力于 Eg: He began to pursue an easy and comfortable life.
他开始追求安逸舒适的生活。
alert
adj.警觉的；戒备的
alert to/for
eg: In our reading we should always be alert for idiomatic expressions.
我们在阅读过程中应该注意惯用法。
Tips for English Learning Building up Your Vocabulary (3)-Make Vocabulary Webs
Make Vocabulary Webs Rather than studying a long list of unrelated vocabulary, use specific vocabulary lists to help prepare for the type of vocabulary you need for work, school or hobbies. Try to always learn vocabulary in groups of words instead of random lists. In this manner, words are related to each
other and are more likely to be remembered over the long-term.
与其学习一长串不相关的词汇，不如使用特定的词汇表来帮助你为工作、学校或爱好所需的词汇类型做好准备。尽量分组学习词汇，而不是随机列表。通过这种方式，单词相互关联，更容易被长期记住。
You may want to relate a new word to the words you already know. For example, the word gigantic(very large)has a similar meaning to the words big, huge, large, etc. You could make a sequence: small, medium, large, gigantic. List as many things as you can that could be considered gigantic.
你可能想把一个新单词和你已经知道的单词联系起来。例如，单词 gigantic（非常大）与单
词 big、huge、large 等的含义相似。你可以制作一个序列：small、medium、larger、gigantic。
列出尽可能多的可以被认为是巨大的事情。
Unit 4 The Joy of Work
Speaking Activity
Showing Concern
Ted: Why didn’t you go to school yesterday?
David: I stayed home because I wasn’t feeling well.
Ted: What was your problem?
David: My stomach was bothering me.
Ted: Are you feeling any better?
David: I’m still feeling a little sick.
Ted: I’m going to the store. Would you like any Pepto Bismol?
David: That’s OK.
Ted: I hope you feel better.
David: I’d appreciate that.
Showing Concern
Why didn’t you….?
What was your problem?
Are you feeling any better?
Would you like…?
I hope you feel better.I’d appreciate that.
Text A Work Is a Blessing
Pre-reading Questions
1. Do you often help your parents with the household chores? What do you usually do to help them?
你经常帮父母做家务吗？你通常做什么来帮助他们？
2. Have you had any experience of doing part-time jobs to help support yourself and your family?
What did you think about it?
你有过做兼职来养活自己和家人的经验吗？你觉得怎么样？
Work Is a Blessing
I grew up in Lakeland, Louisiana, one of 12 children. We all lived on my parents' subsistence farm.We grew cotton, sugar cane, corn, hogs and chickens and had a large garden, but it didn't bring in much cash. So when I was 12, I got a part-time job on a dairy farm down the road, helping to milk cows. We milked 65 cows at 5 in the morning. and again at 2 in the afternoon, seven days a week.
我在路易斯安那州莱克兰长大，是家中 12 个孩子的其中一个。我们都住在分母的自给自足的农场。我们种棉花、甘蔗、玉米，养殖猪和鸡，还有一个大花园，但没有带来很大的收益。
所以当我 12 岁的时候，我在马路边的一个奶牛场找到了一份兼职工作，帮忙挤牛奶。我们一周工作七天，早上 5 点挤 65 头牛的奶，下午 2 点再挤一次。
subsistence
勉强维持生活
eg: Most of the population lives at subsistence level.
大多数人过着勉强糊口的生活。
subsistence farm
自耕自给农场
farm
n. 农场
v. 种田；耕种；饲养
on the farm
在农场
eg: He has lived and farmed in the area for 46 years.
他已在此地生活耕作了 46 年。
bring in
赚得；挣
eg: I have three part-time jobs, which bring in about $14,000 a year.
我有 3 份兼职工作，一年能赚大约 14000 英镑。
Work Is a Blessing
In the kitchen one Saturday before daylight, I remember complaining to my father and grandfather about having to go milk those cows. My father said,“ Ya know, boy, to work is blessing.”
一个星期六，天还没亮的时候，我在厨房里向父亲和祖父抱怨要去挤牛奶。我父亲说：“孩子，你要知道，有工作可做是幸运的。”
rememberremember doing sth
记得曾经做过某事
remember to do sth
记得要去做某事
eg: Remember to put all your tools away.
记得把你的工具全部收起来。
complain
v.抱怨；埋怨；控告
complaint
n.抱怨；投诉
eg：I would like to complain of the damaged goods.
我方由于货物被损向你方投诉。
bless
v.祝福；保佑；赞美
blessed
拥有…的，享有…的
blessing
福分；因祸得福
eg: It is more blessed to give than to receive.
给予比收受更为幸福。
Work Is a Blessing
I looked at those two men who had worked harder than I ever had-my father eking out a living on that farm. and my grandfather farming and working as a carpenter during the depression. I had a feeling I had been told something really important, but it took many years before it sank in.
我看了看那两个人，他们比我更努力地工作——我的父亲在那个农场勉强维持生计，而我的祖父在大萧条时期既种地又当木匠。我有一种感觉，父亲告诉了我一件非常重要的事情，但过了很多年我才恍然大悟。
Grammer
同位语（补充说明）
核心
补充说明
核心
Taozi, a sneaker lover, is 5 years old.
This boy is Taozi , a sneaker lover .
——a sneaker lover .
:a sneaker lover.
I had a feeling I had been told something really important, but it took many years before it sank in.
eke out a living
竭力维持生计；勉强度日
make, earn, scrape
均可与 living 搭配
eg: He works hard all day long every day to eke out a living for his family.
他整日忙个不停，全都是为了这个家呀。
sink in
被完全理解；被充分意识到
eg: He paused to allow his words to sink in.他停了一下，好让人充分领会他的意思。
Work Is a Blessing
Going to college was a rare privilege for a kid from Lakeland. My father told me if I picked something to study that I liked doing, I'd always look forward to my work. But he also added, “even having a job you hate is better than not having a job at all.” I wanted to be a farmer, but I joined the ROTC(reserve officers' training corps) program to help pay for college. And what started out as an obligation to the Army became a way of life that stayed committed to for 37 years, three months and three days.
对于一个来自莱克兰的孩子来说，上大学是一种罕见的特权。我的父亲告诉我，如果我选择了我喜欢做的事情，我会一直期待我的工作，但他也补充说，“即使有一份你讨厌的工作也比没有工作要好。” “我想成为一名农民，但我参加了预备军官训练团(ROTC)计划，以帮助支付大学学费。一开始对军队的义务变成了一种生活方式，这种生活方式持续了 37 年 3
个月零 3 天。
look forward to
My father told me if I picked something to study that I liked doing, I'd always look forward to my work.
that I liked doing（定语从句） 修饰 something
原句应为：if I picked something that I liked doing to study.
look forward to
期望；盼望
eg: I look forward to receiving your reply.
我期待着得到你的回复。
start out
And what started out as an obligation to the Army became a way of life that stayed committed to
for 37 years, three months and three days.
主语为 what 引导名词从句 what started out as an obligation to the Army
that 引导定语从句 that stayed committed to for 37 years
修饰 a way of life.
start out
启程；出发
eg: When will we start out for the picnic?
我们几点出发去野餐？
commit
v.犯罪；做错事；承诺
committed
adj. 尽心尽力的；坚信的
commit suicide
自杀
commit a murder
谋杀
commit an offence/a crime
犯罪
commit a sin
犯罪；造孽
commit an error
出差错；犯错误
eg: I have never committed any crime.
我从来没犯过罪。Work Is a Blessing
In the late 1980s, during a visit to Bangladesh, I saw a woman with a baby on her back, breaking bricks with a hammer, I asked a Bangladesh military escort why they weren’t using a machine, which would have been a lot easier. He told me a machine would put that lady out of work. Breaking those bricks meant she could earn enough money to feed herself and her baby that day. And as bad as that woman’s job was, it was enough to keep a small family alive, it reminded me of my father’s words: To work is a blessing.
在 19 世纪 80 年代末，有一次访问孟加拉国的过程中，我看见一个妇女背着一个婴儿，用锤子砸砖。我问一名孟加拉国军队的护卫队，为什么不用机器，那样会容易得多。他告诉我一台机器会使那位女士失业。打碎那些砖块意味着她可以赚到足够的钱来养活自己和她的孩子。尽管那个女人的工作很糟糕，但也足以维持一个小家庭的生计，这让我想起了我父亲的话：有工作可做是幸运的。
escort
escort
n.护送者；护卫队
v.护送；护卫
eg: He escorted me to the door.
他把我护送到门口。
as….as
As….as 放在句首，第一个 as 可以省略，第二个 as 用于形容词之后，作连词，引导让步状语从句，表示强调，意思是“尽管，虽然”。
as bad as that woman’s job was = although that woman’s job was bad
as…as
像…一样
eg: She will soon be as tall as her mother.
她很快就要跟她母亲一样高了。
remind….of….
remind….of….
使想起，提醒
eg： Thanks for your gift—it will always remind me of you.
谢谢你的礼物—它将使我经常想到你们。
与 of 搭配的动词短语：
accuse of （指责；控告）
assure of （保证）
cure of （治愈）
convince of （使信服）
suspect of（怀疑）
inform of （通知）
Work Is a Blessing
Serving in the U.S. Army overseas, I saw a lot of people like that woman in Bangladesh. And I have come to believe that people without jobs are not free. They are victims of crime , the ideology of terrorism, poor health, depression and social unrest, these victims become the illegal immigrants, the slaves of human trafficking, the drug dealers, and the street gang members.
在美国海外军队服役时，我在孟加拉国看到很多像这位女士这样的人。我开始相信，没有工作的人是不自由的。他们是犯罪、恐怖主义意识形态、健康状况不佳、抑郁和社会动荡的受害者，这些受害者成为非法移民、贩卖人口的奴隶、毒贩和街头帮派成员。
I have seen it over and over again on the U.S. border, in Somalia, the Congo, Afghanistan and in New Orleans. People who have jobs can have a home, send their kids to school, develop a sense of pride, contribute to the good of the community, and even help others. When we can work, we are free. We are blessed.
我在美国边境、索马里、刚果、阿富汗和新奥尔良一再看到这种情况。有工作的人可以有一个家，送孩子上学，培养自豪感，为社区做出贡献，甚至帮助他人。当我们能工作时，我们就自由了。我们是有福的。
come to do sth
逐渐、开始或终于做某事
eg: He came to realize that he was mistaken.
他逐渐明白他错了。
depression
萧条期；经济不景气；抑郁；沮丧
eg: She is in a state of deep depression.
她处于深深的沮丧状态之中。
unrest
动荡；骚动
eg: There are signs of political unrest in the country.
这个国家有政治不安定的迹象。
contribute
v.贡献；捐赠
contribute to
contribution
n.贡献
eg: The rich will be asked to contribute money; the strong to contribute labor.
有钱出钱，有力出力。
Work Is a Blessing
I don’t think I will ever quit working. I’m retired from the Army, but I’m still working to help people be prepared for disaster. And I may get to do a little farming someday, too. I’m not going to stop. I believe in my father’s words. I believe in the blessing of work.
我想我永远不会停止工作。我从军队退役了，但我仍在努力争取帮助人们为灾难做好准备。也许有一天我也能做点农活。我不会停下来的。我相信我父亲的话。我相信工作使人幸褔。
quit
停止；戒掉
eg: I was trying to quit smoking at the time.
当时我正在努力戒烟。
retire
v.退休；离开
retire from
retire toEg: The old man retired to the country for rest.
这位老人下乡休息去了。
be prepared for
be prepared for
为….做好准备
eg: Be prepared for danger in times of peace.
居安思危。
believe in
认为某事好（对、可接受）
eg: I believe in helping other people.
我认为帮助他人是件好事。
Text B How to Start Your Own Business
Pre-reading Questions
1.Do you hope to start your own business? What would you like to do?
你希望自己创业吗？你想做什么？
2. What do you know about the necessary conditions for starting a business?
你对创业的必要条件了解多少？
How to Start Your Own Business
The paradox of starting your own business lies in the simultaneous challenge and reward, making it an experience unlike any other. So many businesses fail, and most entrepreneurs exclude themselves from the possibility. The tragic reality is that when businesses fail, the passion often
dies with it.
创业的悖论在于挑战与回报同时并存，这使得创业成为一种与众不同的体验。很多创业都失败了，大多数创业者都把自己排除在外。可悲的现实是，当企业失败时，激情往往随之消失。
By following some sound advice and being prepared for the process, you will decrease your chances of losing a lot more than you bargained for. I have recently started a business and have learned some crucial lessons in the process that I feel privileged to share with you.
通过遵循一些合理的建议并做好准备，你失去的机会将会比你预期的少很多。我最近开始了一项业务，并在这个过程中学会了一些重要的经验，我感到很荣幸与大家分享。
Paradox
矛盾的人（或事情、情况）
eg: The answer to the question is full of paradox.
对这个问题的回答矛盾百出。
start your own business = be self-employed
自己创业
lie in
存在；在于；躺在
eg: The foundations of good health lie in love, laughter and self-confidence.
健康的基础在于爱、笑声和自信。simultaneous
simultaneous
同时发生（或进行）的；同步的
eg: We need a simultaneous interpreter.
我们需要一个同声翻译。
exclude
exclude
v.把….排斥在外；防止…进入
exclude from
eg: The Academy excluded women from its classes.
该学院不招收女学生。
bargain for
预料到；料想到
eg: I didn’t bargain for that.
那是我没料到的。
crucial
adj.至关重要的
eg: Speed is crucial in military affairs.
兵贵神速。
privileged
adj.幸运的；荣幸的
be/feel privilege to do 荣幸的做某事
eg: I feel extremely privileged to work in your company.
我感到非常荣幸能够在您的公司工作。
Identify your motivation
who do you want to start your own business? To have more time? To make more money? To be your own boss? To have creative control over what you love to do? Write out all of your motivating factors and prioritize them. When you see them listed, you might see a pattern in that you’re just unhappy at your current job and starting your own business isn’t the answer.
你想为谁创业（创业的目的）？有更多的时间？为了赚更多的钱？做自己的老板？对你喜欢做的事情有创意控制？把你所有的激励因素写出来，并按优先顺序排列。当你看到它们被列出来的时候，你可能会发现一种模型：你只是对目前的工作不满意，创业并不是解决问题的办法。
write out
v.写出；写完
eg: You can’t write out good works without inspiration.
prioritize
优先处理 priority
n. 优先权
eg: You must give this matter priority.
你必须优先处理此事。
Identify your passion
What do you love to do? What skills and knowledge do you uniquely bring to the table? What gets you excited about your work? Keep that passion at the forefront of your business plan, your marketing strategies, and your daily routine. If you keep your passion in plan sight, you will stay focused on the purpose of your business and not solely on the logistics.
你喜欢做什么？你有什么拿得出手的独特的技能和知识？什么让你对你的工作富有激情？
把这份激情放在你的商业计划、营销策略和日常事务的最前面。如果你将你的热情放在计划中，你将会专注于你的生意的目的，而不仅仅是生意的运营。
bring…… to the table
带来好处
eg: We need the people who can bring the skills, talents, abilities to table.
我们需要那些能带来技能、才干和能力的人。
routine
n.常规；正常顺序
adj.例行的；常规的
eg: He can only follow the old routine.
他只会照常规办事。
in plain sight
in plain sight
显而易见
Eg: I can’t believe I left my diary in plain sight.
我简直不敢相信我居然把日记放在眼皮底下。
stay
stay
v.继续处于某种状态
stay in
留在家中，不外出
stay on
继续停留
stay out
留在户外
stay up
熬夜
stay in shape
保持体型
eg: We’ll be late for the meeting if we stay any longer.
再不走我们开会就要迟到啦。
focus
focus on
集中注意力于……
Identify your market
If you are starting your business locally, research your competitors. Determine if there is room in the market for your business. What will you do differently to draw in customers? What nich eg: He focused his mind on his lessons.
他把心思集中在功课上。
emarket are the other businesses missing? If you are starting an internet company, research the requirement for your own unique Web presence. Your business cannot survive without customers, so do enough research on the front end to determine if there are enough potential clients to keep your business alive.
识别你的市场。如果你是在本地创业，调查一下你的竞争对手。确定你的生意在市场上是否有空间。为了吸引顾客，你会采取什么不同的做法？市场上有什么被遗漏的细分市场?如果你创办了一家互联网公司，研究清楚公司需要的独特的网络形象。没有客户，你的企业就无法生存，所以要在前期做足够的调查，以确定是否有足够的潜在客户来维持你的企业生存。
survive
v.生存；存活；继续存在
survival
n.幸存；生存
eg: Most women will survive their spouses.
大多数女性都比配偶长寿。
front end
前端；前段
eg: Why’s it called a front-end loan?
为什么叫初期贷款。
Identify your finances
If you have ever purchased a new home, you know that the financial obligations extend beyond the down payment and the mortgage. You have to buy furniture, trash cans, a garage door opener, light fixtures and landscaping equipment, and before you know it, you’re far exceeded your financial boundaries. That can happen just as easily in a business.
如果你曾经买过新房，你就会知道经济上的负担不仅仅是首付款和抵押贷款。你得买家具、垃圾桶、车库开门器、灯具和景观设备，而在你意识到这些之前，你已经远远超出了你的财务能承受的极限。这在商业中很容易发生。
Do exhaustive financial planning. Meet with a financial advisor or someone at your bank to examine the financial viability of your business and the process of getting it up and running. Plan wisely and do not assume the best about your business. Be prepared for financial loss and get advice on how to alleviate that burden in the future.
做详尽的财务计划。与你的银行的财务顾问或其他人会面，检查你的业务在财务上的可行性，以及启动和运行的过程。要做明智的计划，不要假设最好的结果。为经济损失做好准备，并就如何在未来减轻这种负担征求意见。
exceed
超过（数量）
eg: Demand began to exceed supply.
开始供不应求。
assume
假定；假设；认为
eg: We can’t assume anything in this case.在这种情况下我们不可能作出假设。
Identify your support system
Seek out advice from seasoned business owners, even those in your own field. Develop relationships with people who can offer sound advice and criticism that you might not see. If there is a business owner in your community or in your network that you aspire to model, examine his or her business practices and how they handle various situations. Ask for counsel before big decisions, and even create your own makeshift Board of Directors to help guide you in the planning and start-up process.
向经验丰富的企业主寻求建议，即使你们在相同的领域。与那些能给你提供合理建议和批评的人建立关系，而这些建议和批评是你可能看不到的。如果在你的社区或网络中有一个你渴望模仿的企业主，检查他或她的业务实践，以及他们如何处理各种状况。在做重大决定之前征求意见，甚至创建自己的临时董事会，帮助指导你的规划和启动过程。
seek out
寻求；找到
eg: I can seek you out wherever you may hide yourself.
无论你躲藏到什么地方，我都能找到你。
seasoned
seasoned
adj.老于此道的，富有经验的
近义词：experienced、worldly、sophisticated
eg: You’re remarkably fresh, but I’m remarkably well-seasoned.
aspire
v.渴望（成就）；有志（成为）
aspire to do sth
渴望做某事
aspire to sth
渴望…..
eg: He aspired to succeed.
他渴望成功。
model
n.模式；典型
eg: There is absolutely nothing wrong in modeling yourself on an old woman.
以年纪较长的女性作为自己效仿的对象绝没有什么不对。
How to Start Your Own Business
Once you have all of these elements in place, you are prepared to start the process of developing a business plan, applying for a license, establishing a marketing presence, etc. Owning your own
business can be unparalleled in the professional world, and if you surround yourself with wise counsel, you can have a career that daily feeds your passion.
一旦你把这些基础都准备好了，你就已经准备好了开始发展商业计划，申请许可证，建立营销机构，等等。拥有自己的公司在职业领域是无与伦比的，如果你身边有明智的建议，你可以拥有一份每天都能让你充满激情的工作。in place
in place
在工作；准备就绪
eg: We already have our core team in place.
我们的骨干团队已经就位了。
unparalleled
无比的；无双的
eg: The scenery of this country is unparalleled.
这个国家的风景无与伦比。
surround
包围；围绕
surround with
eg: He likes to surround himself with amusing people.
他喜欢让自己身边拥着有趣的人。
feed
满足
feed on
以…为食
eg: All animals including men food on plants and other animals.
包括人类在内的所有动物都以植物和其他动物为食。
Unit5 Keeping Your Dreams Alive
Speaking Activity
Expressing Preferences
Andrews: Would you like to listen to some music?
Nancy: Certainly.
Andrews: I just bought another new album from the music store.
Nancy: You are crazy about buying CDs!
Andrews: Oh, yes. What sort of music do you like?
Nancy: I love just about anything by Prince.
Andrews: So, you’re into 80s music then?
Expressing Preferences
Nancy: Well, I like all kinds of music, but he is one of my favourites. How about you?
Andrews: I like alternative music.
Nancy: Do you have a favourite band?
Andrews: To be honest, no. I’m always in search of new music to listen to.
Expressing Preferences
What sort of….do you like?
I love/like…
I am into…
Do you have a favourite…?
How about you?
…is one of my favourites.Text A Life Is Difficult
Life Is Difficult.
生活是艰辛的。
This is a great truth, one of the greatest truths. It is a great truth because once we truly see this truth we transcend it. Once we truly know that life is difficult-once we truly understand and accept it-then life is no longer difficult. Because once it is accepted, the fact that life is difficult no longer matters.
这是伟大的事实，是最伟大的事实之一其伟大之处就在于，一旦我们真正理解了，就能超越这个事实。一旦我们真正意识到生活的艰辛——一旦我们真正理解、接受这一事实——生活便不再艰辛。因为一旦我们接受了这一事实，生活的艰辛就不再重要了。
transcend
超出；超越
eg：Humans should always transcend their limits.
人类应该不断超越自己的极限。
Life Is Difficult
Most people do not fully see this truth that life is difficult.
然而大多数人并没有完全理解生活的艰辛。
Instead they moan more or less incessantly, noisily or subtly, about the enormity of their problems, their burdens, and their difficulties as if life were generally easy, as if life should be easy.
相反，他们一直公开或者私下抱怨生活中的问题太多，负担太重，困难太大了，听起来就好像生活一向是轻松的，或者说好像生活应该是轻松的。
They voice their belief, noisily or subtly, that their difficulties represent a unique kind of affliction that should not be and that has somehow been especially visited upon them, or else upon their families, their tribe, their class, their nation, their race or even their species, and not upon others. I know about this moaning because I have done my share.
他们直接或者委婉地表示，他们遇到的困难是一种特殊的痛苦，这种痛苦本不该有的，但是不知道是什么原因，专门降临到他们身上，或者偏爱他们的家人、他们的部落、他们的阶层、他们的民族、他们的种族，甚至他们那一类人，而不是降临到别人身上。因为我也曾经这样抱怨过，所以对此比较了解。
subtly
adv.不明显地；巧妙地
subtle
adj.微妙的
eg: We change subtly all the time.
我们每时每刻都在发生细微的变化。
enormity
巨大；严重
eg: I was numbed by the enormity of the responsibility.
责任之大让我惊慌失措。
voicevoice
v.表达；吐露
eg: Some scientists have voiced concern that the disease could be passed on to humans.
有些科学家表示了担忧，认为这种病可能传染给人类。
affliction
n.折磨；痛苦
eg: I wish you wouldn’t afflict me with constant complains.
我希望你不要总是抱怨而使我苦恼。
visit upon
对….进行惩罚
eg: The court visits all costs upon them.
法院要他们负担全部费用。
species
n.种类；物种
eg: Pandas are an endangered species.
熊猫是濒危物种。
Life Is Difficult
Life is a series of problems. Do we want to moan about them or solve them? Do we want to teach our children to solve them?
生活中会出现一连串的问题，我们要发牢骚还是想办法解决呢？我们要传授孩子们解决问题的方法吗？
Discipline is the basic set of tools we require to solve life's problems. Without discipline we can solve nothing. With only some discipline we can solve only some problems. With total discipline
we can solve all problems.
自制力是必需的基本工具，它用来解决我们生活中出现的各种问题。没有自制力，我们什么问题都解决不了。具备某种自制力可以解决某些问题，具备了所有的自制力，就可以解决所有的问题了。
a series of
一系列，一连串
eg: Her life was a series of ups and downs.
她的生活里充满了一系列大起大落。
Discipline
n.训练；纪律；自制力
eg: Adversity is a good discipline.
逆境是最好的磨练。
require
v.要求；需要
eg: We require the cleanliness from our child.我们要求孩子爱清洁。
Life Is Difficult
What make life difficult is that the process of confronting and solving problems is a painful one. Problems, depending upon their nature, evoke in us frustration of grief, sadness, loneliness, guilt, regret, anger, fear, anxiety, anguish, despair. These are uncomfortable feelings, often very uncomfortable, often as painful as any kind of physical pain, sometimes equaling the very worst kind of physical pain.
生活的艰辛之处在于，面对困难、解决困难的过程是痛苦的。根据其性质，困难会使我们感到悲痛、伤心、孤独、内疚、悔恨、愤怒、恐惧、苦恼或者失望。这些都是让人不舒服的感觉，非常不舒服，就如同身体上的疼痛是一样的，有时候甚至等同于身体上最大的疼痛。
Indeed, it is because of the pain that events or conflicts engender in us all that we call them problems. And since life poses an endless series of problems, life is always difficult and is full of pain as well as joy.
实际上，正是由于痛苦的原因，事件或者冲突给我们带来了所有的问题。生活是艰辛的，因为它给我们带来了无尽的问题，生活不仅有快乐，也充满了痛苦。
confront
v.面对；正视；与….对抗
be confront with
面临，面对
eg: You must confront these difficulties with bravery.
你必须勇敢地正视这些困难。
depend upon/on
依靠；依赖
eg: All living things depend on the sun for their growth.
万物靠太阳生长。
evoke
引起，唤起
evoke in
eg: A good joke does not necessarily evoke a hearty laugh.
真正的笑话不一定能让人会心一笑。
guilt
n.内疚；悔恨
guilty
adj.内疚的；有罪的
eg: It was apparent to all that he was guilty.
众所周知，他是有罪的。
equal
n.等于；比得上
adj.平等的
eg: Men and woman enjoy equal pay for equal work.
男女同工同酬。
engender
产生；引起
eg: The negative impact that robots engender might lead human beings to their doom.
机器人带来的坏处可能给人类带来灭顶之灾。
pose
v.造成；摆姿势
n.姿势；装腔作势
eg: But warming temperatures also pose a threat.
但是过高的气温也造成了威胁。
as well as
既…..又……
as well
也，还有
eg: The child is lively as well as healthy.
这孩子既健康又活泼。
Life Is Difficult
Yet it is in this whole process of meeting and solving problems that life has its meaning. Problems are the cutting edge that distinguishes between success and failure. Problems call forth our courage and our wisdom; indeed, they create our courage and our wisdom. It is only because of problems that we grow mentally and spiritually. When we desire to encourage the growth of the human spirit, we challenge and encourage the human capacity to solve problems, just as in school we deliberately set problems for our children to solve.
然而，正是在遇到和解决问题的整个过程中，生命才有其意义。问题是区分成功与失败的最前沿。问题激发我们的勇气和智慧；事实上，它们创造了我们的勇气和智慧。只有因为问题，我们才能在精神上和精神上成长。当我们希望鼓励人类精神的成长时，我们就挑战并鼓励人类解决问题的能力，就像在学校里我们故意为我们的孩子设置要解决的问题一样。
It is through the pain of confronting and resolving problems that we learn. As Benjamin Franklin said, "Those things that hurt, instruct." It is for this reason that wise people learn not to dread but actually to welcome problems and actually to welcome the pain of problems.
我们正是通过面对和解决问题的痛苦来学习的。正如本杰明·富兰克林（Benjamin Franklin）
所说：“那些伤害人的东西，就是教育。”正是因为这个原因，聪明的人学会了不害怕，而是真正欢迎问题，并真正欢迎问题带来的痛苦。
cutting edge
尖端；最前沿
eg: They were at the cutting edge of social change.
它们处于社会变化的前端。
distinguish
v.区别；区分
eg: Can you distinguish the twins apart?
你能辨别这对双胞胎吗？call forth
call forth
引起，使产生
eg: A difficult situation can call forth a person’s best qualities.
困境能唤起一个人最好的品格。
desire
v/n.渴望；期望
eg: There is a desire for peace universally.
全世界都渴望和平。
capacity
n.容量；才能；性能
eg: The train was crowded to its full capacity.
火车上挤满了乘客。
instruct
v.教授；指导；通知；命令
instruction
n.指示，教学
eg: Always read the instructions before you start taking the medicine.
Text B Begin Again
Pre-reading Questions
1. If your friends turn to you for advice when they face life’s challenges, what will you say to them?
如果你的朋友在面对生活挑战时向你寻求建议，你会对他们说什么？
2. What advice do you expect the author will give to people in difficulties?
你希望作者能给有困难的人什么建议？
Begin Again
To begin again means you're trying.
You can either start over and live your life
Or spend the rest of your life slowly dying.
It is never the falling that makes us fail.
It is never the pain or the crying.
You can never fail in life, my friend,
Unless you give up trying.
——Bob Perks
重新开始意味着你不会放弃。
重新开始意味着你一直在努力。
你可以重新开始新的生活，
也可以慢慢度过余生直至终老。
跌倒永远不是我们失败的根本原因。
痛苦或者痛哭永远不是我们失败的根本原因。你永远也不会在生活中失败的，我的朋友，除非你放弃努力。——鲍勃·坡克
It seems lately that more and more of my friends are facing some seemingly insurmountable challenges in their lives. A few have lost their jobs and some have failed marriages. All too many have health issues or are battling cancer.
最近，越来越多的朋友在生活上面临着似乎难以克服的挑战。有几个朋友失业了，有几个遭遇了婚姻失败，太多的人遇到了健康问题或者正在同癌症作斗争。
Lately
近来；最近；不久以前
Eg: Eggs have cheapened a bit lately.
近来鸡蛋价格稍有下跌。
seemingly
adv.似乎，好像
eg: Seemingly, we can do nothing to prevent this from happening.
我们似乎没有什么办法可以阻止这件事情发生。
insurmountable
adj.不可逾越的；不能克服的
eg: No difficulty is insurmountable if one sets one’s mind on it.
精诚所至，金石为开。
challenge
n.挑战；艰巨任务
eg: My biggest challenge is learning how to behave at the dinner table.
我最大的挑战是学会餐桌上的礼仪。
fail
v.失败
fail to do sth / fall in sth/doing sth
未能做某事
failed
adj.失败的，不成功的
eg: Women fail to get the equal rights in some countries.
在一些国家妇女没有获得平等的权利。
Begin Again
I don't know if it is desperation that causes them to turn to me for advice or whether they have come to value our friendship. But it is difficult, to say the least, to offer words of hope when all they feel is hopelessness. They expect answers, some magic waving of a wand, or a roadmap to get them back on their feet again.
我不知道是不是因为绝望他们才来向我征求意见的，还是因为他们越来越珍视我们之间的友谊、但是至少可以说，他们感到无助的时候，是很难说出给他们以希望的话语的。他们期待着我做出回答，就像有魔法的魔杖一般，或者像路线图专样，能够带他们走出困境。
Grammer
强调
1. very N
2. do V
3. it is, was A that/who B
eg: I don't know if it is desperation that causes them to turn to me for advice or whether they have come to value our friendship.
turn to
求助于
eg: If you are in trouble, please turn to me.
如果你有麻烦，请找我。
value
value
n.价值；意义；重要性
v.评价；重视；估价
eg: If you value your health, then you’ll start being a little kinder to yourself.
如果你重视自己的健康，你就要开始对自己好一点。
on one’s feet
站起来；痊愈
eg: It’s nice to see you on your feet again.
看到你康复真高兴。
Begin Again
I have often struggled with what to say. Mostly because I have faced many of the same challenges in my own life, I remember how empty I felt after someone cheerfully offered words like, "Keep your chin up!" "Things will get better!" "Hang in there!" "it's always darkest…," etc.
我经常不知道该说什么好，这主要是因为我自己也曾经遇到过同样的问题。我仍然记得当时有人鼓励我的话，“振作起来！”、“一切都会好起来的！”、“别放弃！”、“现在总是最黑暗的时候？”“等等，可是我的脑子里仍然是一片空白”。
struggle with
斗争；抗争
eg: A strong man will struggle with the storm of fate.
强者敢与厄运斗争。
Begin Again
Yes, even those who were quick to quote the Bible to me found me quite unreceptive at the time.
是的，即使有些人反应很快，引用《圣经》里的话来开导我，我当时仍然不肯接受。
Now, as an inspiration writer, being thought of as a resource of hope or a good (or bad) example Of what to do in life, I have even more people contacting me.现在，我是一名灵感作家，被人们认为是希望的源泉，在生活上给人们树立了好的（或者坏的）榜样，有很多人联系我。
Begin Again
So, what do I say?
我说什么呢？
quote
v.引述；引用
quotation
n.引语；引用；报价
eg: Support your argument by quotation.
引用他人的话来证明你的论点。
unreceptive
不愿倾听的；不愿接受的
eg: Now, when she saw how unreceptive the couple were, she hoped he would not come.
现在看出他们夫妻俩不爱应酬待客的脾气，她希望他还是别来。
inspiration
n.灵感；鼓舞人心的人或事；启发灵感的人
inspire
v.鼓舞
eg: Genius is one percent inspiration and ninety-nine percent perspiration.
天才是 1%的天赋加上 99%的勤奋。
Begin Again
"What can I do, Bob? I've lost my job. What do you suggest?"
"Begin again."
"He walked out on me. My whole world just ended. What should I do?"
"Begin again."
"Bob, I know both your son and your wife had cancer. I found out my wife does, too. What did you tell them?"
"Begin again."
Begin Again
“鲍勃，我该怎么办啊？我失业了，你有什么建议？”
“重新开始。”
“他抛弃了我，我的整个世界都结束了，我该怎么办啊？”
“重新开始。”
“鲍勃，我知道你的儿子和妻子都患有癌症，我发现我妻子也患癌症了。你当时跟他们说什么了？”“重新开始。”
walk out on
抛弃；离开
eg: I’ll show him what it means to walk out on his family.我会让他看看抛弃家庭意味着什么。
find out
发现；查明（真相）
eg: We must find out what caused the accident.
我们必须查明事故的原因。
Begin Again
It almost sounds too simple. I imagine in the darkest hours of one's life, those words would seem useless or uncaring. But it is indeed the answer.
听起来简直太简单了。我想在人一生中最黑暗的时刻，这些词语似乎是无济于事，或者是冷漠无情的，但这的确是答案。
All life challenges bring about an ending - and the chance for a beginning. A job loss presents an opportunity to start over somewhere else and maybe even in another career.
所有的生活难题都会产生一个结局——就是重新开始的机会。失业了就有机会在别的地方重新开始，也许是开始从事另一个行业。
uncaring
冷漠的；无情的
eg: She is often condemned as uncaring.
她常因不关心别人而受到责备。
bring about
导致；引起
eg: The heavy spring rains brought about the flood.
特大的春雨造成了这场水灾。
start over
重新开始
eg: People usually decide to start over from New Year.
人们通常都会在新的一年计划重新开始。
Begin Again
A failed marriage does not mean you are through loving or being loved. It means there are others just like you needing to be loved. Find them.
A life-threatening disease does not mean giving up. It means starting a new path to recovery and discovering within yourself the ability to fight back and win. And if you are a person of faith, even death does not mean it's over. It means, “to begin again.”
失败的婚姻并不意味着爱情的终结，而是意味着有人像你一样需要爱，找到他们。威胁生命的疾病并不意味着放弃生命，而是意味着寻找新的痊愈的办法，发掘自身同病魔作斗争直至获胜的能力。如果你是有信仰的人，那么即使是死亡也并不意味着生命的结束，而是意味着“重新开始。”
recover
v.恢复健康；找回
recovery
n.康复；收回
eg: I wish you a speedy recovery.
祝你早日痊愈。
fight back
fight back
抵抗；反击；强忍住
eg: Fight back when anyone bullies you.
有人欺负你时，你要自卫反击。
Tips for English Learning Improving Your Reading (1) - Use Skimming & Scanning
Use Skimming & Scanning
Where you only need the shallowest knowledge of a subject, you can skim material. Skimming is used to quickly gather the most important information, or “gist”. Run your eyes over the text,noting important information. It’s not essential to understand each word when skimming.
如果你只需要一门学科最浅薄的知识，你可以略读材料。略读是用来快速收集最重要的信息或“要点”。浏览文本，记下重要信息。略读时不一定要理解每个单词。
If you need a moderate level of information on a subject, then you can scan the text. Scanning is used to find a particular piece of information. Run your eyes over the text looking for the specific piece of information you need. You can then speed read the contents of the chapters, picking out and understanding key words and concepts. If you see words or phrases that you don’t understand, don’t worry when scanning.
如果你需要一个主题的中等水平的信息，那么你可以扫描文本。扫描用于查找特定的信息。浏览文本，寻找所需的特定信息。然后，你可以快速阅读章节内容，挑选并理解关键词和概念。如果你看到你不懂的单词或短语，扫描时不要担心。
Only when you need full knowledge of a subject is it worth studying the text in detail Here it's best to skim the material first to get an overview of the subject. This gives you an understanding of its structure, into which you can then fit the details gained from a full reading of the material.
只有当你需要对一个主题有全面的了解时，才值得详细研究课文。这里，最好先浏览一下材料，对主题有一个概述。这可以让你了解它的结构，然后你可以将从阅读材料中获得的细节融入其中。
Unit 6 The Value of Money
Speaking Activity
Showing Agreement and Disagreement
Steve: Would you agree that Australian English and British English are
very similar?
Alice: I'm not sure I quite agree.
Steve: Oh, what's your experience, then?
Alice: I’d just like to say that they’re very different. It’s true that Australians speak English, but even people from Britain and America find it difficult to understand their accent.
Steve: Well, you have a point there, but not all Australians speak with a strong accent.
Showing Agreement and DisagreementAlice: Really?
Steve: Yes, you see, generally speaking, the more highly educated they are, the less typically
Australian their speech is.
Alice: Yes, you're quite right.
Showing Agreement and Disagreement
I quite agree.
Yes, of course.
I'd go along with you on that.
I couldn't agree more! I'm with you there.
That's exactly my opinion/view, too.
You have a point there, but ...
There's some/a lot of truth in what you say, but ...
I agree in principle/ on the whole, but ...
I'm not really sure if I would agree with you on that.
Text A Teaching Children to Spend Pocket Money Wisely
Pre-reading Questions
1. Recall and describe how your parents allocated pocket money to you and how you spent it.
回忆并描述你的父母是如何给你分配零用钱的，以及你是如何花掉的。
2. What influence does that way of giving pocket money have on kids finance management?
这种给零用钱的方式对孩子的财务管理有什么影响？
Teaching Children to Spend Pocket Money Wisely
School-going children need pocket money for food, stationary and bus fare. Parents give pocket money to their children in different ways. Some give a lump of sum at the beginning of a month or a week. Others prefer to give pocket money on a daily basis. The way in which pocket money is given affects how money is spent or saved. On the other hand, the children ’spending habits may affect how pocket money is given.
上学的孩子需要零花钱来买食物、文具和公共汽车票。父母以不同的方式给孩子零花钱。有些人在一个月或一周的开始时给一笔钱。其他人则倾向于每天给零花钱。零用钱的发放方式会影响钱的使用或储存方式。另一方面，孩子们的消费习惯可能会影响零用钱的发放方式。
prefer
v.更喜欢
prefer sth / doing sth
prefer to do sth
prefer sth to sth
preferable
adj.更好的；更可取的
preference
n.喜好；偏好
eg: We give preference to applicants with some experience.
我们优先录用有经验的申请人。
on a daily basis
每日的 on a … basis /
on the basis of…..
在….基础上
eg: Don’t evaluate a person on the basis of appearance.
不要以貌取人。
Teaching Children to Spend Pocket Money Wisely
Pocket money given on a daily bias is sometimes termed as “food money”. Children usually use the pocket money to buy food during recess and also at lunch hour if they have school activities in the afternoon. They learn how to manage small sums of money. As the money is limited, they have to control their spending.
基于日常偏见的零花钱有时被称为“食品钱”。孩子们通常在课间休息时用零用钱买食物，如果下午有学校活动，也可以在午餐时间买。他们学习如何管理小额资金。由于资金有限，他们必须控制开支。
Some parents choose this method of allocating pocket money in order to prevent their children from overspending, hoping that in time they can be trusted with larger sums of money. Parents who earn daily wages may also opt for this due to financial constraints.
一些家长选择这种分配零用钱的方法，以防止孩子过度消费，希望他们能及时得到更大金额的信任。由于经济拮据，每天挣工资的父母也可能选择这样做。
allocate
v.分配；分派
eg: It is a good idea to allocate a specific duty to a specific person.
责任到人是个好办法。
be trust with
把…托给…管理
eg: Let us trust her with our typewriter.
咱们把打字机托付给她保管吧。
opt
v.选择；挑选
opt for
eg: Nowadays many students opt for working in the west when they graduate.
现在许多学生毕业后选择去西部工作。
constraint
v.限制，约束
eg: These advantages are also coupled with constraints.
这些优点同时也带来一些局限性。
Teaching Children to Spend Pocket Money Wisely
Giving pocket money on a daily bias places responsibilities of budgeting on the parents, instead of child. The child may spend every single cent of the daily pocket money by overindulging in junk food, as they know they will get another sum of money the next day. This results in children being short-sighted in their spending. The thought of saving money never crossed their minds.
每天给孩子零花钱是父母的责任，而不是孩子的责任。孩子们可能会把每天零花钱的每一分钱都花在吃垃圾食品上，因为他们知道第二天会再得到一笔钱。这导致儿童在消费方面目光短浅。他们从未想过要存钱。
They may develop the mentality that money is meant to be spent. Others spend more than they are given. They borrow from their siblings or their classmates when they feel like indulging themselves. Then they may ask for money to pay off their debts. This habit of borrowing causes then to depend on others to solve their problems. In such instances, the purpose of rationing is defeated.
他们可能会养成花钱的心态。其他人花的比给的多。当他们想放纵自己时，他们会向兄弟姐妹或同学借钱。然后他们可能会要求钱来偿还债务。这种借钱的习惯会导致依赖别人来解决他们的问题。在这种情况下，配给的目的就落空了。
responsibility
responsibility
n.责任；职责
responsible
adj.尽责的
be responsible for
eg: The matter is outside my area of the responsibility.
此事超出我的责任。
budget
v.把…编入预算；谨慎花钱
n.预算
eg：It’s essential to balance one’s budget.
量入为出是很重要的。
instead of
代替；而不是
eg: Instead of wasting time, she employed herself in reading.
她专心致志地看书，不白白浪费时间。
junk
n.废旧物
junk shop
旧货店
junk room
废品间
junk mail
垃圾邮件
junk car
废旧汽车
overindulge
indulge
v.沉迷；纵容
indulge oneself / sb (with sth)
indulge in
eg: Everyone should indulge in fantasy on occasion.
每个人都应偶尔沉浸在想象之中。
overindulge
v.溺爱；过度放纵
overcharge
讨价过高
overwork
工作过度
overeat
吃得过多
overdress
打扮太
考究
overdo
做太多
overdose
服用
过量 result in
result in
引起；导致
result from
产生于…
由…引起
eg：We can not watch the sky from inside the well and be short-sighted.
我们不能坐井观天，目光短浅。
mentality
mental
adj.内心的；思想的；智力的
mentality
n.心态；心理
eg: It is mentality instead of environment that changes your fate.
是心态而不是环境在改变你的命运。
mean
v.意味着；打算
meant
be meant to do / be / be done
照道理（照规矩）应该
eg: I didn’t really mean to hurt you.
我真的不是存心伤害你的。
feel like
feel like
想要….；有….的感觉
eg: After a short nap, you’ll feel like a new man.
休息片刻后，你会感到有如新生一般。
pay off
付清；取得成功
eg: All the efforts made will pay off at last.
一切的努力付出都是值得的。
in such instance
instance
n.实例；情况
for instance
例如
in such instance
在这种情况下
eg: In such instances, we should help them.
在这种情况下，我们应该帮助他们。
ration
v. 限量供应
n.定量；给养
eg: We have to ration the water.
我们必须限量用水。
Teaching Children to Spend Pocket Money Wisely
Children need to learn how to budget their money. Some parents go by the “learning by doing” principle and give their children lump sums at the beginning of the month, and by the third week of the month their account is already dry.
孩子们需要学习如何预算他们的钱。一些家长遵循“边做边学”的原则，在月初一次性给孩子一笔钱，到了月的第三周，他们的账户已经用完了。
Teaching Children to Spend Pocket Money Wisely
On the other hand, some learn to budget their pocket money very well and even have savings at the end of the month. They do not borrow money necessarily. In other words, they learn to spend within their means. The key to doing this is to differentiate between needs and wants. Buy the necessary first, and indulge ourselves only if there is money left. This habit, when inculcated since young, stands them in good stead when they start working and earning their own money. It enables them to resist the temptation of “buy now and pay later ”schemes.
另一方面，有些人学会了很好地预算自己的零用钱，甚至在月底还可以储蓄。他们不一定要借钱。换句话说，他们学会了量入为出。先买必要的，只有有钱的时候才放纵自己。当他们从小就养成这个习惯时，当他们开始工作并自己挣钱时，这个习惯对他们很有帮助。它使他们能够抵制“现在买，以后付”计划的诱惑。
within one’s means
量入为出
eg: It is far better to pay off old debts steadily by living within your means.
量入为出地一步步偿还旧债，这个方法要好得多。
key
key
n.关键
adj.关键的；主要的
v.键入
the key to sth
eg: The key to success is to be ready from the start.
成功的关键在于从一开始就要准备充分。
differentiate
v.区分；辨别
eg: He never learned to differentiate between good and evil.
他从未学会分辨善恶。
stand….in good stead
对….很有用，对…..很有利
eg: My knowledge of French stood me in good stead when I traveled in France.
我在法国旅游时，我的法语知识很有用。
enable
使能够
enable sb to do sth
使某人能够做某事
eg: Training will enable you to find work.
培训将使你找到工作。
resist
v.抵抗
resistant
adj.有抵抗力的；抵抗的；反对的 resistance
n.抵抗力；阻力
eg: The body may be less resistant if it is cold.
天冷时，身体的抵抗力会下降。
temptation
n.诱惑；引诱；
eg: No temptation could make him false to a friend.
没有诱惑能使他欺骗朋友。
scheme
n.计划；阴谋
eg: You scheme is merely a caste in the air.
你的计划只不过是空中楼阁。
Teaching Children to Spend Pocket Money Wisely
Formation of any habit starts at a tender age. There is no better way to teach children to manage money than to start with their pocket money. They need to learn the importance of budgeting right from kinder garden days. It is a good idea to start with daily pocket money and move on to monthly pocket money. When children learn to spend within their means, they are able to manage their finances well later in their lives.
任何习惯的形成都始于幼年。教孩子理财的最好方法就是从零花钱开始。他们需要从幼儿园学习正确预算的重要性。从每天的零用钱开始，到每月零用钱，这是一个好主意。当孩子们学会量入为出时，他们就能在以后的生活中很好地管理自己的财务。
formation
form
v.形成；构成
formation
n.形成；构成
eg: This is the formation of a new government.
这是新政府的构成。
比较句型
There’s no better way to … than to …
没有比做….更好的办法来做…
eg: There is no better way to rest than to listen to music.
没有比听音乐更好的休息办法了。
better to do …. than to do …
做…比做….好
eg: It’s better to get something done imperfectly than to do nothing perfectly.
不完美地做了某件事总比追求完美而一事无成的好。
Text B The Importance of Money in Life
Pre-reading Questions
1. What do you think of the old saying, “money is the root of evil”?
你觉得“金钱是罪恶的根源”这句老话怎么样？
2. Do you believe how people think about money determines whether their money flow isconstant?
你相信人们对金钱的看法决定了他们的资金流动是否是恒定的吗？
The Importance of Money in Life
What were you taught about money as you were growing up? Something like “money doesn’t grow on trees”, or “money is the root of all evil”, or maybe “all rich people are greedy”?
在你成长过程中，你学到了什么关于金钱的知识？比如“钱不会长在树上”，“钱是万恶之源”，或者“所有富人都贪婪”？
Well, how do you expect to become a success financially if you believe these things? You attract into you life what you are thinking about and what you believe. If you think there is not enough money in this world for everyone you will never have enough money. That is called the Law of Attraction.
那么，如果你相信这些，你怎么能在财务上取得成功呢？你把你的想法和信仰吸引到你的生活中。如果你认为这个世界上没有足够的钱给每个人，你永远也不会有足够的钱。这就是吸引力定律。
financially
finance
n.财政；金融；财力
v.给…提供资金
financial
adj.财政的，金融的，经济的
financially
adv.财政上，金融上，经济上
eg: In running a company, strict financial management means everything.
经营一家公司，严格的财务管理是至关重要的。
attract
v.吸引；引诱
attractive
adj.有魅力的；引人注目的
attraction
n.吸引；引力
eg：Fireworks added to the attraction of the festival night.
烟火使节日之夜更加生辉。
The Importance of Money in Life
First of all, believing that “money doesn’t grow on trees” is an example of what’s called lack or scarcity programming. Our parents taught us that there was never enough money to go around,and that it was not readily available or abundant. But in truth, the universe is very abundant, and there is lots of money as your heart desires.
首先，相信“钱不会长在树上”就是所谓的缺乏或稀缺编程的一个例子。我们的父母告诉我们，从来没有足够的钱可供使用，也没有现成的或充足的资金。但事实上，宇宙是非常丰富的，有很多钱是你内心渴望的。
What wonderful thing you could do with it: travel to the countries you have always dreamt of, buy a house you are even scared to think about, attend meditation classes so you could spiritually grow,donate money to your favorite charity, spend more quality time with your family, and the list goes on.
你可以用它做什么好事：去你一直梦想的国家旅行，买一栋你甚至不敢去想的房子，参加冥想课程，这样你可以在精神上成长，捐钱给你最喜欢的慈善机构，与家人共度更多优质时光，等等。
scarcity
scarce
adj.缺乏的；罕见的
scarcity
n.不足；缺乏；稀少
eg: The scarcity of fruit was caused by the drought.
水果供不应求是由于干旱造成的。
go around
都能分到；走访；经常做
eg: It’s not a bad idea to go around a bit and gain experience.
到处走走，长长见识也是好的。
readily
adv.乐意地；轻而易举地；便利地
eg: I promise all costs will be readily returned.
我保证所有的费用都会迅速偿还。
available
avail
v.有益于；使对某人有利
available
adj.可用的；可获得的；有效的
eg: The season ticket is available for three months.
季票的有效期为 3 个月。
abundant
adj.丰富的；大量的
abundance
n.丰富；充裕
eg: China is abundant in agricultural produce.
中国是一个农产品丰富的国家。
scare
v.使惊恐；使害怕
be scared of （怕….）
be scared to death （怕的要命）
be scared to do sth （怕做…）
eg: He was scared of letting us down.
他怕让我们失望。
donate
v.捐赠；献血
donate to
donation
n.捐赠；赠送
eg: She is willing to donate money to a worthy cause.
她愿为高尚的事业捐款。
quality timequality
adj.优质的；高质量的
quality time
珍贵时间（尤指与年幼的子女参加社会活动的时间）
eg: Concentrate on spending quality time with children.
要多陪陪孩子。
The Importance of Money in Life
The key is to start thinking that you deserve the money and that there is lots of it available for your, and then you can start attracting in into your life. That’s abundance thinking, which is the opposite of lack or scarcity thinking. When you start thinking about abundance the Law of Attraction will do the rest. You do not need to know how it is going to happen. Just make the first step, first thought. Starting is already winning.
关键是要开始认为你应该得到这笔钱，而且有很多钱可以给你，然后你就可以开始吸引人进入你的生活。这是富足思维，与匮乏思维相反。当你开始考虑富足的时候，吸引力法则会做其他的事情。你不需要知道它将如何发生。先想一想，只要迈出第一步并大胆设想，你就已经赢了。
opposite
n.对立面；对立物
在….的位置
eg: Matter is the opposite of mind.
物质与精神相对。
The Importance of Money in Life
And what about thinking that “money is the root of all evil ?” Can you really expect to become a success if you believe that money is the root of all evil? Unless you have a desire to be an evil person, your subconscious will not let you have money if you believe deep down that it is the root of evil.
如果你认为“金钱是一切罪恶的根源”呢如果你相信金钱是万恶之源，你真的能指望成功吗？除非你渴望成为一个邪恶的人，否则如果你内心深处相信金钱是邪恶的根源，你的潜意识就不会让你拥有金钱。
deep down
本质上；实际上；事实上
eg: He is only a boy deep down.
他实际上是个孩子。
The Importance of Money in Life
By the way, the quote is taken out of context in the first place. It was originally stated as “the love of money is the root of all evil ”. So it has nothing do with the money itself.
顺便说一句，引语首先脱离上下文。它最初被称为“爱钱是万恶之源”，因此它与钱本身无关。
originally
originate
v.发源；来自；产生
originally
adv.起初；原来 eg: All theories originate from practice and in turn serve practice.
任何理论都来源于实践，反过来为实践服务。
state
v.陈述；表明
eg: Clearly state your address and telephone number.
清楚地报上你的地址和电话号码。
The Importance of Money in Life
Now that you understand that, you can start to think that money is in fact good. You can help people with money. You can stimulate the economy with money. Even the most kind-hearted spiritual person, who says they don’t need money, can do more to make the world a better place with money than without it.
现在你明白了，你可以开始认为钱其实是好的。你可以用钱帮助别人。你可以用金钱刺激经济。即使是那些说自己不需要钱的最善良的精神人，也可以做得更多，让这个世界变得更美好。
stimulate
v.刺激；激励
eg: Success will stimulate the people for fresh efforts.
成功能鼓舞人们去作新的努力。
The Importance of Money in Life
And what about thinking that “all rich people are greedy”?Well, that creates us versus them, whereby you have labeled all of“them”greedy in your mind. You, on the other hand, are very giving in your mind. That’s why you don’ t have money, because you’re not greedy.
如果认为“所有富人都是贪婪的”呢？好吧，这就产生了我们与他们的对比，你在心里把所有“他们”都贴上了贪婪的标签。另一方面，你在你的头脑中非常乐于助人。这就是为什么你没有钱，因为你不贪婪。
versus
与….相对；对抗
eg: That’s a matter of outs versus ins.
那是在野党人与执政党人的对抗。
whereby
凭此；借此；处于….的位置
eg: Whereby I saw that he was angry.
从那一点我看出他生气了。
label
label
v.贴标签于；把…称作；把…列为
n.标签；符号
eg: Be sure to label all the test tubes.
一定要把所有试管都贴上标签。The Importance of Money in Life Sure, there must be some rich people in the world who are greedy. But there are also poor people who are greedy. There are both rich and poor people who are very giving as well. The amount of money you have has nothing to do with these character traits.
当然，世界上一定有一些富人是贪婪的。但也有贪婪的穷人。富人和穷人都很乐于奉献。你有多少钱与这些性格特征无关。
must
用于肯定句，在否定句和疑问句中用 can 代替
It must be true. 那一定是真的。
Can it be true? 那可能是真的吗？
It can’t be true. 那不可能是真的。
The Importance of Money in Life
In fact, a lot of rich people got there by not being greedy. Having a giving attitude opens up a flow of money that often brings them more. You will find the same thing: giving away money joyfully to a friend, and notice that it comes back to you in some other form. The world needs to be a balance of give and take, and being joyful both as you give and receive will ensure that you always go with the flow.
事实上，很多富人之所以能做到这一点，是因为他们并不贪婪。有一个给予的态度会打开资金流，通常会给他们带来更多。你会发现同样的事情：快乐地把钱给朋友，并注意到它以其他形式回报给你。这个世界需要一个给予与索取的平衡，当你给予和接受时都感到快乐，这将确保你总是随波逐流。
open up
出现；开放；开门
eg: New opportunities are opening up for investors.
投资者获得了新的机会。
The Importance of Money in Life
And changing your mindset from what you were taught as a child to a healthier view of money
will allow you to become the financial success you deserve to be, to become the real you.
改变你的思维方式，从孩提时代的教育转变为更健康的金钱观，将使你获得应有的财务成功，
成为真正的你。
mindset
n.观念模式；思维倾向
eg：This old mindset has not changed.
这个旧的思想意识还未改变。
Tips for English Learning Improving Your Reading (2) - Guess Word Meaning.
Guess Word Meaning.First, look at the title of the passage if there is one. You can get the general idea of it. Then youpay attention to the first and last sentence of every paragraph of the passage. Usually you can get the main idea of the paragraph. Third, through the context, you guess the new words that you come across. Finally, note the style and tone in order to get the writer’s implication in meaning.
首先，看看这篇文章的标题（如果有）。你可以大致了解它，然后注意文章每一段的第一句和最后一句。通常你能理解段落的大意。第三，通过上下文，你猜出你遇到的新单词。最后，注意文体和语气，以获得作者的含意。
Reading is a fantastic way to learn new vocabulary. Try reading short stories rather than long novels. These are often broken down into short chapters, which can be read and then analyzed for language. Don’t feel that you have to understand every word. Try to get the general meaning.
Underline unknown words and try to guess their meaning from context. You can use your dictionary later to look them up and check if you were right. Use graded readers. These tend to have questions designed to test comprehension of what you have just read.
阅读是学习新词汇的好方法。试着读短篇小说而不是长篇小说。这些通常被分解成简短的章节，可以阅读，然后分析语言。不要觉得你必须理解每个单词。试着理解一般意义。在生词下面划线，并试着根据上下文猜测其含义。你可以稍后用字典查一下，看看你是否正确。使用分级阅读器。这些问题往往是为了测试你对刚刚阅读内容的理解力而设计的。
Unit 7 Inner Voice
Speaking Activity
Showing Unpleasant Feelings
Mr. Green: Do you know how late it is?
John: My fault. I didn’t realize what time it was.
Mr. Green: I hope you don’t think that excuse lets you off the hook.
John: Not really. I’m telling the truth.
Mr. Green: Haven’t I asked you to call if you’re going to be home late?
John: This is true, but it must have slipped my mind.
Showing Unpleasant Feelings
Mr. Green: Regardless, all you had to do was give a call.
John: I know. I should have called.
Mr. Green: Come home late one more time, and you’ll find your stuff outside.
John: You want to throw me out over this?
Mr. Green: That’s right, maybe then you’ll respect my rules.
John: That’s fine because if I leave, then your rules won’t matter.
Showing Unpleasant Feelings
Do you know …. ?
My fault. I didn’t realize….
I hope you don’t…
Not really. I’m telling the truth.
Haven’t I … ?
I know I should have…
Text A Your Inner Voice
Your Inner Voice
My day started just like all the other days for the past 15 years where I get up, make some coffee,shower, get dressed and leave for the train station at precisely 7:35 A.M. to arrive at work by 8:30.
While on the train I would always choose a seat away from the crowd so I can read the newspaper in peace and quiet. At work I am always being bombarded with questions from coworkers, suppliers, telephone and then those dreaded meetings, so the last thing I need is some stranger to sit beside me and make small talk.
今天和以往的 15 年一样，早上起床后，煮咖啡、洗澡、穿衣服，7 点 35 分准时离开家去火车站，8 点 30 分到连工作岗位。在火车上，我总是选择远离人群的座位，这样就可以安安静静地看会儿报纸。工作中，我要无休止地应对同事、供应商提出的各种问题，电话总是响个不停，还有那些令人恐惧的会议，所以我最不想做的事就是和坐在身边的陌生人闲聊。
all the other days
All the other days = any other day
所有其他的日子
The other+复数名词
指在一定范围内“所有其余的人或事物”，是特指。
other + 复数名词
表示“没有明确范围的另外的人或事物”
eg: John did better than all the other players in the sport.
在那项运动中约翰比所有别的运动员都出色。
precisely
adv.精确地
precise
adj.恰好的，精确的
precision
n.精确
eg: That answers precisely to our need.
那恰好符合我们的需要。
bombard
轰炸；炮轰
eg: Reporters bombard the president with questions about his policy.
新闻记者提出许多有关政策的问题围攻总统。
the lasting thing
the lasting thing
最不可能、最不愿意做的事
eg: The lasting thing I needed was to fail the exam.
我最不想要的就是考试不及格了。
Your Inner Voice
I don’t know why but for some reason when I got on the train today it was unusually full, something I don’t recall ever happening in the past. With hesitation I sat down in the only seat available beside a middle-aged man that had his head down and seemed to be lost in his thoughts.
I was glad that he didn’t notice when I sat next to him as he just continued to look down towards the floor.
上了火车，我发现车厢异常拥挤，这是以前从来没有过的现象，到底什么原因我也说不清楚。车上只有一个空座，我犹犹豫豫地坐下，旁边坐着一个中年男子，低垂着头，看上去一副沉思的样子。我很庆幸因为他并没有注意到我坐在他旁边，他一直低头看着地板。
recall
v.回想起
eg: I recall meeting him somewhere.
我回想起在哪儿见过他。
hesitation
hesitate
v.犹豫
hesitation
n.犹豫
eg: I would hesitate to get involved in this adventure.
我犹豫是否参加这次探险。
be lost in thoughts
想得出神，陷入沉思
eg: He looked up at the blue sky and lost in thought.
他抬头看着蓝天，陷入了沉思。
Your Inner Voice
Shortly after the train left for my 30-minute ride downtown I found myself wondering what this man was thinking about. What could be so important that he didn’t even see me sit next to him? I tried to forget about it and started to read my paper. However, for some strange reason this inner voice kept prompting me to talk to this man. I tried to ignore the voice as there was no way I was starting a conversation with a complete stranger.
就在我乘坐的这辆开往市区的列车行驶了 30 分钟之后，我发现自己很想知道这个男人在想什么。什么事情如此重要以至于他都没有注意到我。我试着忘记这一切，开始看报纸。但是，不知道是什么奇怪的原因，我的内心一直在鼓励我跟这个人说话。我实在不知道怎样跟一个陌生人开始聊天，就试图忽略这个声音。
shortly after
不久之后；一…就…
eg: Shortly after he graduated from college, he went abroad.
他一毕业就出国了。
prompt
v.激起；推动
adj.迅速的，敏捷的
eg: The occasion calls for prompt action.
这场合需要迅速的行动。
Your Inner Voice
As you probably guessed I eventually broke down and came up with an excuse to ask him a question. When he raised his head and turned his eyes towards me I could see that he must have been really upset as he had red eyes and still had some tears rolling down the side of his face despite his feeble attempt to wipe them away. I can’t describe the sadness I felt seeing someone in so much pain.
正如你可能猜到的那样，我最终崩溃了，找了个借口问他一个问题。当他抬起头，把眼睛转向我时，我可以看出他一定很难过，因为他有一双红色的眼睛，尽管他微弱地试图擦去眼泪，但仍有一些眼泪顺着脸颊流下来。我无法形容看到某人如此痛苦时的悲伤。
break down
支持不了；发生故障
eg: He finally breaks down under the four hours’ strain.
在四小时的压力下，他终于支持不下去了。
come up with
找到或提出（答案、办法等）之意；赶上
eg: He came up with good ideas for the product show.
他想出了产品展示的好法子。
upset
adj.心烦的；苦恼的
eg: There is no reason to get so upset.
完全没有理由如此心烦意乱。
despite
尽管；不管；蔑视
eg: Despite old age, she is still learning to drive.
尽管年事已高，她还在学开车。
wipe
v.擦；拭
eg: She wiped her tears away.
她擦掉了眼泪。
Your Inner Voice
We talked for about 20 minutes and in the end he seemed to be doing better. As we were leaving the train he thanked me profusely for being an angel by taking the time to talk. I never did find out what was making his heart so heavy with pain but was glad I listened to the voice that day.
我们聊了大约 20 分钟，最后他似乎感觉好多了。我们要分手的时候，他连声向我道谢，说我花时间跟他聊天，简直是一位天使。我到最后都没能知道为什么他那么伤心，但是很高兴那天我倾听了自己内心的呼唤。
Your Inner Voice
Several weeks had passed when I noticed an envelope on my desk after returning from lunch. It was not addressed to anyone and only had the word angel written on it. My receptionist attached a note saying a gentleman dropped it off saying he did not know my name but had described me well enough that the receptionist knew it was for me. When I read the note inside the envelope I was so filled with emotions that I couldn’t contain myself. It was a letter from the man I met on the train thanking me again for talking to him and saving his life that day.
几周过去了，一天我吃完午饭回来，发现办公桌上放着一个信封，上面没有写收信人的名字，只写着“天使”两个字。我的接待员在上面附了一张纸条，说是一位先生送来的，他不知道我的名字，但是详细地描述了我的特征，接待员知道说的是我。读着信封里的便条，我激动得不能自已。这封信就是那天我在火车上遇到的那个人写来的，再次向我表达谢意，感谢我那天跟他聊天，挽救了他的生命。
address
v.写信；寄信
be addressed to
给…写信
eg: I want to address a letter to a friend.
我想给一个朋友寄封信。
attach
v.附上；贴上
eg: I attach a copy of my notes for your information.
我附上笔记一份，供你参考。
drop off
留下；睡着
eg: He closed his eyes, and soon dropped off.
他闭上了眼睛，很快就睡着了。
contain
v.控制；克制；容纳；包容
container
n.容器
eg: Does each cup contain the same amount of milk?
每个杯子里盛放的牛奶都是一样多吗？
Your Inner Voice
Apparently he had some very hurtful personal problems that were so overwhelming that he was planning to take his life that day. In his letter he went on to explain that he was a religious person and in desperation screamed out to God that if God really cared about him he would send someone to prevent him from taking his life. In his eyes I was that someone, that Angel sent by God.
很明显，那天他遇到了很伤心的问题，实在是无计可施了，打算自杀。在信里，他还解释说自己是个基督教徒，在绝望之际，向上帝高喊，如果上帝真的关心他，就会派人来阻止他自杀的。在他眼里，我就是上帝派来解救他的天使。
apparently
apparently
adv.表面上；显然
apparent
adj. 明显的；表明上的
eg: It was apparent to all that he was guilty.
众所周知，他是有罪的。
overwhelming
overwhelm
v.打击；压倒
overwhelming
adj.势不可挡的，压倒性的 eg: No difficulty can overwhelm us.
困难压不倒我们。
take one’s own life
take one’s own life
结束某人自己的生命，自杀
eg: What made him take his own life?
他为什么自杀呢？
in desperation
绝望地；拼命地
eg: He stole the money in desperation.
她绝望地偷了钱。
scream
v.高声喊；大声叫
eg: People scream in fright, in anger, and in sudden pain.
人们在害怕、生气和痛苦时会尖叫。
Your Inner Voice.Not being a religious person myself I don’t know what that voice was that made me take a chance and talk to a stranger but I do know that it made a difference in someone’s life that day. So the next time you feel prompted for no apparent reason to talk to a friend, relative, neighbor or even a complete stranger please remember my story, you just may make a difference in someone’s life when you listen to your inner voice.
我自己不信基督教，不知道那个声音到底是什么，能够让我冒险跟陌生人聊天，但是我的确知道那样做会对一个人的生命产生影响的。因此，下次你感到不知什么原因，有人鼓励你去跟一个朋友、邻居，甚至是陌生人聊天，请记住我的故事。如果你倾听了自己的心声，也许会对一个人的生命产生影响的。
take a chance
冒险；投机；碰运气
eg: You must take a chance on the new future with confidence.
你得信心满满地为新的未来冒一下险。
made a difference
有影响；起作用
Eg: Whatever you can do an make a difference.
无论你能做什么，都能起作用。
Text B Make a Good First Impression Make a Good First Impression At a dinner party in New York, one of the guests, a woman who had inherited money, was eager to make a pleasing impression on everyone. She had squandered a modest fortune on sables, diamonds and pearls. But she hadn ’ t done anything whatsoever about her face. It radiated sourness and selfishness. She didn’t realize what everyone knows: namely, the expression one wears on one’s face is far more important than the clothes one wears on one’s back.
在纽约举行的一个宴会上，有一位得到大笔遗产的女宾客迫切想要给每一个人留下一个好印象。她不惜重金买来貂皮、钻石和珍珠，但是在自己的脸上却没有下任何工夫——一脸的尖酸刻薄、自私自利。她没有意识到一个众所周知的道理：一个人的面部表情要比身上的衣服重要得多。
inherit
v.继承；遗传
eg: His offspring inherited the estate.
他的孩子继承了房产。
eager
be eager to
急于做某事
be eager for sth.
eg: I am eager to learn how to ride a bicycle.
我急于想学会骑自行车。
pleasing
adj.令人愉快的
eg: We have made pleasing progress in our talks.
我们的会谈已经取得了令人满意的进展。
whatsoever
adv.任何
eg: I see no objection whatsoever.
我没有任何意见。
radiate
v.散发；流露；辐射
radiation
n.辐射；放射线
eg: The explosion will radiate from this point.
爆炸会从这个点上辐射出去。
Make a Good First Impression
Actions speak louder than words, and a smile says, “I like you. You make me happy. I am glad to see you.” That is why dogs make such a hit. They are so glad to see us that they almost jump out of their skins. So, naturally, we are glad to see them.
行动比语言更有力。一个微笑表达的是：“我喜欢你，你让我感到很开心，我非常高兴见到你。”这就是小狗得宠的原因。小狗见到我们会表现出欣喜若狂的高兴劲儿，所以我们见到小狗自然也感觉很开心。
make a hit
出风头；大获成功之意
eg: You will make a hit at the party in your new dress.
在宴会上穿上你的裙子，一定会大获好评的。jump out of one’s skin jump out of one’s skin
欣喜若狂；大吃一惊
eg: She jump out of her skin with joy.
她高兴得直跳。
Make a Good First Impression
A baby’s smile has the same effect.
婴儿的微笑也有同样的效果。
Have you ever been in a doctor's waiting room and looked around at all the glum faces waiting impatiently to be seen? Dr. Stephen K. Sproul, a veterinarian in Raytown, Missouri, told of a typical spring day when his waiting room was full of clients waiting to have their pets inoculated.
No one was talking to anyone else, and all were probably thinking of a dozen other things they would rather be doing than “wasting time” sitting in that office. He told one of our classes:
Make a Good First Impression
你曾经在医生的候诊室里留意过那些不耐烦地等着看病的人那一张张阴郁面孔吗？密苏里州雷顿市的兽医史蒂芬·史波尔告诉过我一件事：在某年的一个春天，他的候诊室里排满了前来给宠物接种疫苗的人，没有人闲聊，他们大概都在想着其他事情，而不是待在候诊室里“浪费时间”。他对我说：
would rather….than…
宁愿…而不愿…
eg: I would rather have rice than noodles.
我宁愿吃米饭，也不愿吃面条。
Make a Good First Impression
“There were six or seven clients waiting when a young woman came in with a nine-month-old baby and a kitten. As luck would have it, she sat down next to a gentleman who was more than a little distraught about the long wait for service. The next thing he knew, the baby just looked up at him with that great big smile that is so characteristic of babies.
“有六七个人在等着给他们的宠物接种疫苗，这时一个年轻女人带着一个九个月大的婴儿和一只小猫走进来。事有巧合，她坐在一个已经等得有些发狂了的男人旁边。接下来，婴儿用那天真无邪的笑容注视着他，这是婴儿的特点。
What did that gentleman do? Just what you and I would do, of course; he smiled back at the baby.
Soon he struck up a conversation with the woman about her baby and his grandchildren, and soon the entire reception room joined in, and the boredom and tension were converted into a pleasant
and enjoyable experience.”
男人会做什么呢？当然，他和你我的反应一样，扭过头去朝着婴儿微笑。很快他就和那个女人攀谈起来，聊起了她的孩子和他自己的孙子。不多一会儿，整个候诊室的人都参与了进来，厌倦和紧张变成了快乐和享受。”
as luck would have it
碰巧
eg: As luck would have it, he was caught by the teacher again.
他碰巧又被老师捉住了。
more than a little
非常；十分
eg: If you tell your father what you’ve done, he will be more than a little angry.
如果你把做过得事情告诉你父亲，他会非常生气的。
strike up
交谈起来；开始来往；建立友谊
eg: It did not take the girl long to strike up acquaintance in her new offices.
女孩没有花多长时间就在新的办公室里结识了一些朋友。
join in
加入；参加
take part in
join sb. in doing sth.
eg: She is going to join us in singing.
她打算和我们一起唱歌。
boredom
bore
v.使厌烦
boredom
n.无聊，厌倦
eg: He bored us all by talking for hours about his new house.
他连续几个小时大谈他的新房子，使我们大家都厌烦透了。
tension
tense
adj.紧张的；拉紧的
tension
n.紧张
eg: It is difficult to be natural when one is tense.
人在紧张的时候很难泰然自若。
convert into
把…转变成
eg: Water is converted into steam if it is boiled.
把水煮沸，水就变成蒸汽。
Make a Good First Impression
The ancient Chinese were a wise lot - wise in the ways of the world; and they had a proverb that you and I ought to cut out and paste inside our hats. It goes like this, “A man without a smiling face must not open a shop.”
中国古代人充满了智慧，熟谙世事；他们有一句格言，我们应该剪下来，贴在帽子里。格言是这么说的，“人无笑脸休开店。”
Your smile is a messenger of your goodwill. Your smile brightens the lives of all who see it. To someone who has seen a dozen people frown, scowl or turn their faces away, your smile is like the sun breaking through the clouds. Especially when that someone is under pressure from his bosses,his customers, his teachers or parents or children, a smile can help him realize that all is not hopeless - that there is joy in the world.
微笑就表示你友好，看到你的微笑，大家的生活也会因此而变得幸福快乐。对于那些已经看过好多人皱眉、怒视或者扭头的人来说，你的微笑就像一缕阳光一样，穿透了云层。尤其是有人承受着来自于老板、客户、老师或者家长、孩子的压力，一个微笑能让他们意识到并不是什么都毫无希望的——世界上还有欢乐。
bright
brighten
使变亮；使生辉
eg: Flowers brighten (up) a room.
房间里有了花显得满室生辉。
turn away
转过脸去；拒绝帮助
eg: He turned away and refused to listen.
他转过脸，不愿再听下去。
Tips for English Learning Breaking Poor Reading Habits (1) - Do Not Read Word by Word
Do Not Read Word by Word
When you concentrate on separate words you often miss the overall concept of what is being said.
People who read each word as a distinct unit comprehend less than those who read faster by “chunking” words together in blocks. Effective reading involves reading blocks of words at one time and comprehending the meaning of the word group.
当你把注意力集中在单独的单词上时，你往往会错过所说内容的整体概念。把每一个单词作为一个单独的单元来阅读的人比那些通过将单词分块“分块”来阅读得更快的人理解得更少。
有效的阅读包括一次阅读单词块并理解单词组的含义。
Our brains can comprehend ideas better when it takes in a group of words at one time. Practice expanding the number of words that you read at a time. You! may also find that you can increase the number of words read by holding the text a little further from your eyes. The more words you can read in each block, the faster you will read!
当我们的大脑一次吸收一组单词时，它能更好地理解想法。练习扩大你一次阅读的单词数量。
你可能会发现，你可以把课文拿得离眼睛远一点，从而增加阅读单词的数量。在每个块中你能读的单词越多，你读得就越快！
Unit 8 The Great Minds
Speaking Activity
Showing Surprise
Jenny: Mum, Dad, guess what?
Father: I knew it. You are going.
Jenny: Hey, I got it! I got the job! I’m off to Perth.
Mother: Darling, that’s wonderful news. I’m so thrilled for you. I’m really thrilled.
Jenny: Isn’t it fantastic? I can’t believe it. Dad, don’t look so miserable. Honestly, it's not the end of the world. Cheer up. Can’t you be happy for me? Showing Surprise
Father: Of course I’m happy for you. I’m delighted.
Mother: You don’t sound very happy.
Father: Of course I’m happy. I am happy. I said I’m delighted. It’s just that the whole thing seems a bit insane.
Jenny: What do you mean, insane?
Father: Isn’t there an orchestra here in Sydney? Why do you have to go off to Perth? Perth! That’s on the other side of Australia.
Jenny: What’s he so upset about? Isn’t he pleased?
Mother: Well, he is and he isn’t. It’s just that he’s going to be lonely without you. He’s dreading it.
Showing Surprise
Oh, how marvelous (wonderful) !
That’s good/ splendid/ wonderful news!
I'm so thrilled for you! Isn’t it fantastic?
You must be kidding!
I can’t even believe my eyes/ ears!
Text A Life Without Limits
Life Without Limits
Pre-reading Questions
1.Can you imagine a life without limbs?
你能想象没有四肢的生活吗？
2.Who will flash into your mind when it comes to disabled heroes? What qualities appeal to you most?
当谈到残疾英雄时，谁会在你的脑海中闪现？什么品质最吸引你？
Life Without Limits
Imagine being born without arms. No arms to wrap around someone, no hands to experience touch, or to hold another hand with. Or what about being born without legs? Having no ability to dance, walk, run, or even stand on two feet. Now put both of those scenarios together: no arms and no legs. What would you do? How would that affect your everyday life?
想象一下，出生时没有手臂。没有手臂可以环绕某人，没有手可以触摸，也没有手可以握住另一只手。或者生下来就没有腿怎么办？没有跳舞、走路、跑步甚至双脚站立的能力。现在把这两种情况放在一起：没有胳膊，没有腿。你会怎么做？这会对你的日常生活产生什么影响？
wrap around
wrap
v.包；卷；覆盖；缠绕
wrap around
包裹
wrap in
把…包在里面；使陷于
eg: You can wrap your skirt around your waist.
你可以将裙子围在腰间。Life Without Limits
Born in 1982 in Melbourne, Australia, without any medical explanation or warning, Nicholas Vujicic came into the world with neither arms nor legs. Having had an uneventful pregnancy and no family history to expect this condition, imagine the shock his parents felt when they say their first born, brand new baby boy, only to find he was what the world would consider imperfect and abnormal.
1982 年出生于澳大利亚墨尔本，没有任何医学解释或警告，尼古拉斯·武吉西奇（Nicholas Vujicic）来到这个世界时既没有胳膊也没有腿。在经历了一次平安无事的怀孕，没有家族史的情况下，想象一下，当他的父母说出他们的第一个孩子，一个崭新的男婴，却发现他是世界上认为不完美和不正常的人时，他们会感到多么震惊。
How would their son live a normal, happy life? What could he ever do or become when living with what the world would see as such a massive disability? Little did they know that this beautiful limbless baby would one day be someone who would inspire and motivate people from all walks of life, touching lives all over the world.
他们的儿子如何过上正常、幸福的生活？当他生活在这个世界会认为如此巨大的残疾中时，他会做什么或成为什么？他们几乎不知道，有一天，这个美丽的无肢婴儿会激励和激励各行各业的人们，感动世界各地的生活。
brand new
全新的；崭新的
eg: No one can go back and make a brand new start.
没有人可以回到过去，拥有一个崭新的开始。
only to find
意外发现
eg: She returned only to find that no one was at home.
她回到家，才发现家里没有一个人。
abnormal
adj.不正常的
normal
adj.正常的
eg: Everything is absolutely normal.
一切完全正常。
Life Without Limits
As Nick grew up, he learned to deal with his disability and started to be able to do more and more things on his own. He adapted to his situation and found ways to accomplish tasks that most people could only do by using their limbs, such as cleaning teeth, brushing hair, typing on a computer, swimming, plying sports, and much more. As time went by, Nick began to embrace his situation and achieve greater things. In grade seven Nick was elected captain of his school and worked with the student council on various fund-raising events for local charities and disability campaigns.
随着尼克的成长，他学会了处理自己的残疾，并开始能够自己做越来越多的事情。他适应了自己的情况，找到了一些方法来完成大多数人只能用四肢才能完成的任务，比如清洁牙齿、刷头发、在电脑上打字、游泳、进行运动等等。随着时间的推移，尼克开始接受自己的处境，取得更大的成就。七年级时，尼克当选为学校校长，并与学生会合作，为当地慈善机构和残疾运动筹款。
adapt
v.使适应
adapt oneself to
使自己适应
Adapt from
改编
eg: You should adapt yourself to the changing condition.
你要让自己适应变化的环境。
accomplish
v.完成；实现
eg: I will accomplish my purpose at any cost.
我无论如何都要达到目的。
embrace
v.接受；拥抱；
eg: She held the arms to embrace the little girl.
她伸出双臂来拥抱那个小女孩。
achieve
v.完成；达到
eg: I’ve achieved only half of what I’d hoped to do.
我希望做到的，我仅完成了一半。
elect
v.选举
election
n.选举
elect sb. to be / as ….
eg: They elect him chairman of the committee.
Life Without Limits After school Nick went on with further study and obtained a double bachelor degree majoring in accounting and financial planning. By the age of 19, Nick had started to fulfill his dream of encouraging others by sharing his story through motivational speaking. He found the purpose of his existence, and also the purpose in his circumstance. Nick wholeheartedly believes that there is a purpose in each of the struggles we encounter in our live and that our attitude towards those struggles can be the single most effective factor in overcoming them.
放学后，尼克继续深造，获得了会计和财务规划专业的双学士学位。到了 19 岁，尼克开始通过励志演讲分享自己的故事来实现自己鼓励他人的梦想。他找到了自己存在的目的，也找到了自己所处环境的目的。尼克全心全意地相信，我们在生活中遇到的每一次挣扎都有一个目的，我们对这些挣扎的态度可能是克服它们的唯一最有效因素。
obtain
v.获得，得到
eg: He failed to obtain a scholarship.
他没有获得奖学金。
major in
major
n.专业
adj.主要的
major in
专攻；专修
eg: He major in English literature.
他没有获得奖学金。
fulfill
v.完成
eg: Whatever happens I’m determined to fulfill it.
不管发生什么，我都决心完成它。
circumstance
circumstance
n.命运；客观环境
in/under …circumstances of
在…的情况下
in/under no circumstances
决不，无论如何都不
eg: Under no circumstances should you lend him any money.
你无论如何都不应该把钱借给他。
wholeheartedly
wholeheartedly
完全地；全心全意地
eg: We should serve the public wholeheartedly, regardless of our personal gain or loss.
我们应该全心全意地为人民服务，不计较个人得失。
overcome
v.克服；战胜
eg: I was overcome by a sense of failure.
我被失败感所压倒。
Life Without Limits
Now at 27 years old, this limbless young man has accomplished more than most people even twice his age. Nick recently made the massive move from Brisbane, Australia to California, USA, where he is the president of an international non-profit organization, and also has his own motivational speaking company, Attitude Is Altitude.
现年 27 岁，这位没有四肢的年轻人所取得的成就比大多数人都要多，甚至是他年龄的两倍。尼克最近从澳大利亚的布里斯班搬到了美国的加利福尼亚州，在那里他是一个国际非营利组织的总裁，他还拥有自己的励志演讲公司“态度就是高度”。
Since his first motivational speaking engagement back when he was 19, Nick has traveled around the world, sharing his story with millions of people, speaking to a range of different groups such as students, teachers, youth, business men and women, entrepreneurs, and church congregations of all sizes. People ask Nick, “How can you smile?” Then they realize there’s got to be something more to life than meets the eye if a guy without arms and legs is living a fuller life.
自从他 19 岁时第一次参加励志演讲活动以来，尼克周游世界，与数以百万计的人分享他的故事，与学生、教师、青年、商业男女、企业家和各种规模的教会等不同群体进行演讲。人们问尼克：“你怎么能笑？”然后他们意识到，如果一个没有胳膊和腿的人过着更充实的生活，那么生活中一定会有比眼前更丰富的东西。
engagement
engage
v.参加；使某人订婚
be engage to sb.
engagement
n.约会；约定；预约
eg: I was unable to attend the meeting because of a prior engagement.
我因有约在先，所以未能参加这个会。
a range of
一套；一系列
eg: The gun has a range of five miles.
这炮的射程为 5 英里。
Life Without Limits
Nick shares with his audiences the importance of vision and dreaming big. Using his own experiences in worldwide outreach as examples, he challenges others to examine their perspective and look beyond their circumstances. He shares his vies of ceasing to see obstacles as problems,and instead begin to see them as opportunities to grow and reach out to others.
尼克与观众分享了远见和远大梦想的重要性。他以自己在全球推广方面的经验为例，挑战其他人审视自己的观点，超越自己的情况。他分享了自己的观点，不再将障碍视为问题，而是开始将它们视为成长和与他人接触的机会。
He stresses the importance of how attitude can be the most powerful tool we have at our disposal and illustrates how the choices we make can have a profound effect on our lives and the lives of those around us. Nick shows through his own life that the major keys to fulfilling our biggest dreams are persistence and choosing to embrace failure as a learning experience, rather than allowing the guilt and fear of failure to paralyze us.
他强调了态度如何成为我们掌握的最有力的工具的重要性，并说明了我们所做的选择如何对我们和周围人的生活产生深远影响。尼克通过自己的生活表明，实现我们最大梦想的主要关键是坚持和选择将失败作为一种学习经历，而不是让失败的内疚和恐惧使我们瘫痪。
vision
n.眼光；视野；视力
eg: She unites common sense and vision.
她兼具常识与见识。
perspective
perspective
n.看法；视角；远景
eg: Do you agree with this perspective?
你同意这个看法吗？look beyond
look beyond
v.往更远处看，展望未来
eg: A good leader must look beyond personal interest or aversion.
一个优秀的领导人必须眼光放远，超越个人利益或厌恶。
cease
v.停止
cease to do sth.
eg: The apartment has ceased to exist forever.
那个部门已经不复存在了。
reach out
reach out
接触；联系；伸出；伸展
eg: A tree reaches out its branches towards the light.
树枝向阳光处伸展。
stress importance of
强调…的重要性
attach importance to / put emphasis on
重视
eg: The teacher stresses the importance of being polite again and again.
这个老师再三强调要讲礼貌。
Life Without Limits
How does Nick Vujicic feel about his disability now? He accepts it, embraces it and oftentimes pokes fun at his own circumstance as he shows off his many tricks. He meets challenges with his special blend of humor, perseverance and faith, always encouraging those around him to examine their perspective as they develop and define their vision.
Nick Vujicic 现在对自己的残疾有何感想？他接受它，拥抱它，经常在展示自己的许多技巧时取笑自己的处境。他以独特的幽默、毅力和信念迎接挑战，总是鼓励身边的人在发展和定义自己的愿景时审视自己的观点。
Using those new definition he challenges each person he meets to make changes in their lives so that they can begin the path to fulfilling their biggest dreams. Through his amazing ability to connect with people from all walks of life and his incredible sense of humor he captivates children,teens and adults alike. Nick is a true inspirational and motivational speaker.
使用这些新定义，他挑战每一个他遇到的人，让他们改变自己的生活，从而开始实现自己最大梦想的道路。通过他与各行各业的人建立联系的惊人能力和他令人难以置信的幽默感，他吸引了儿童、青少年和成年人。尼克是一位真正的鼓舞人心的演讲者。
poke fun at
poke fun at sb.
嘲笑某人
make fun of sb.
eg: He enjoys poking fun at others.
他喜欢嘲笑别人。
show offshow off
炫耀，卖弄
eg: He wrote in that style just to show off.
他用这种文体写文章，完全是为了卖弄文采。
connect with
与…联系；与…连接
eg: I often connect with my friends by e-mails.
我常发电子邮件和朋友们保持联系。
captivate
v.使迷惑，使着迷
eg: He was captivated by her talents.
他为她的才华所倾倒。
Text B An Unwanted Baby, Steve Jobs
An Unwanted Baby, Steve Jobs
Pre-reading Questions
1.What factors do you think contribute to success?
你认为哪些因素有助于成功？
2.Can you figure out what reasons account for Steve Jobs’ success?
你能找出史蒂夫·乔布斯成功的原因吗？
An Unwanted Baby, Steve Jobs
Steve Jobs is a man who has great courage and dares to take risks. He may not be perfect but he pulled together the most fantastic act by overcoming Microsoft, the movie industry and the music business. Jobs followed his dream and led a revolution in the computing world.
史蒂夫·乔布斯是一个非常勇敢、敢于冒险的人。他可能并不完美，但他克服了微软、电影业和音乐业，完成了最精彩的表演。乔布斯追随他的梦想，领导了计算机世界的一场革命。
dare
v.敢于
dare to do sth.
eg: I don’t catch the mouse.
我不敢抓老鼠。
pull together
pull together
齐心协力；控制感情
eg: People often pull together in a crisis.
人们在危机中往往是团结一致的。
fantastic
adj.奇妙的；不可思议的
eg: We watched a fantastic play yesterday evening.
昨天晚上我们看了一场非常精彩的演出。An Unwanted Baby, Steve Jobs
Steve Jobs was born on February 24, 1955, in San Francisco, California. His biological mother was an unwed graduate student named Joanne Simpson and decided to put him up for adoption.
Joanne had a college education, and she insisted that the future parents of her boy be just as well educated. Unfortunately, the candidates, Paul and Clara Jobs, did not meet her expectations: Clara
didn’t graduate from college and Paul only attended high school.
史蒂夫·乔布斯于 1955 年 2 月 24 日出生于加利福尼亚州旧金山。他的生母是一位未婚的研究生，名叫乔安娜·辛普森，她决定把他收养。乔安妮接受过大学教育，她坚持她儿子的未来父母也应该受到良好的教育。不幸的是，候选人保罗和克拉拉·乔布斯没有达到她的期望：克拉拉没有从大学毕业，保罗只上了高中。
When she found out that both his future parents had never graduated from college, she refused to sign the adoption papers. She only relented a few months later and agreed to have baby adopted by them, under the firm condition that they would send him to college.
当她发现他未来的父母都没有从大学毕业时，她拒绝在收养文件上签字。几个月后，她才让步，同意让他们收养孩子，条件是他们会送他上大学。
put up for
提出
eg: Do you really intend to put up for that position?
你真的打算自荐担任那个职位吗？
adoption
adopt
v.收养；采纳；采取
adoption
n.收养
eg: The schools adopted new methods of teaching foreign languages.
学校采取了新的外语教学的方法。
insist
v.坚持主张；坚持要求
eg: He insisted that he had done right.
他坚持认为自己做对了。
meet one’s expectations
meet one’s expectations
达到某人的期盼（要求）
eg: The new software failed to meet expectations.
新的软件没有达到预期。
relent
v.终于答应
eg: The other students persuaded him to relent.
其他学生劝说他要温和些。
under the condition
在…的条件下，前提是…= no condition (that)
eg: I can tell you the truth on condition that you promise to keep a secret.
我可以告诉你真相，条件是你答应保守秘密。
An Unwanted Baby, Steve Jobs
Steve Jobs went to college but decided to drop out because it was too expensive. Recalling his time there he said, “I didn’t have a dorm room, so I slept on the floor in friends’ rooms, I returned coke bottles for the 5 cents deposits to buy food with, and I would walk the 7miles across town ever Sunday night to get one good meal a week at the Hare Krishna temple.”
史蒂夫·乔布斯上了大学，但因为学费太贵而决定退学。回忆起在那里的时光，他说：“我没有宿舍，所以我睡在朋友房间的地板上，我用 5 美分的押金把可乐瓶退回去买食物，我会在每个周日晚上步行 7 英里穿过小镇，每周在哈里克里希纳神庙吃一顿好饭。”
drop out
v.退学；退出
eg: She may drop out because of the pressure.
她可能因为压力而退学。
An Unwanted Baby, Steve Jobs
At 20, Steve Jobs and a friend (Steve Wozniak) started a company in a garage on April 1, 1976.
Later that year, they debuted the Apple I and a local store offered to buy 50 machines. To finance the production, they had to sell their most expensive possessions. Jobs sold his Volkswagen van while Wozniak sold his Hewlett-Packard scientific calculator. Steve Jobs named their company Apple, in memory of a happy summer he had spent as an orchard worker in Oregon.
1976 年 4 月 1 日，20 岁的史蒂夫·乔布斯（Steve Jobs）和一位朋友（史蒂夫·沃兹尼亚克（Steve Wozniak）在车库里创办了一家公司。同年晚些时候，他们推出了 Apple I，当地一家商店提出购买 50 台机器。为了资助生产，他们不得不卖掉他们最昂贵的财产。乔布斯卖掉了他的大众货车，沃兹尼亚克卖掉了他的惠普科学计算器。史蒂夫·乔布斯（Steve Jobs）将他们的公司命名为苹果（Apple），以纪念他在俄勒冈州作为果园工人度过的一个快乐的夏天。
debut
v.首次推出；首次露面
n.初次登场；首次露面
make one’s debut
初次亮相
eg: The network will debut her new series next March.
电视联播网将于明年 3 月首次播放她的新的连续剧。
in memory of
纪念；怀念
eg: He wrote a poem in memory of his friend.
他作了一首诗以怀念他的朋友。
An Unwanted Baby, Steve Jobs By 1982, however, his company sales sagged in the face of competition from IBM’s new PC. Not wanting to dwell on successive failures, they worked on a new machine called the Macintosh. By 1986, the Mac, which Steve Jobs promised to be “insanely great,” was a huge success. After 10 years, starting from 2 kids working in a garage, Apple computer had grown into a $2 billion dollar company with over 4000 employees.
An Unwanted Baby, Steve Jobs
然而，到了 1982 年，面对来自 IBM 新 PC 的竞争，他的公司销售额出现了下滑。他们不想再纠缠于连续的失败，而是开发了一台名为 Macintosh 的新机器。到 1986 年，史蒂夫·乔布斯（Steve Jobs）承诺“非常棒”的 Mac 电脑取得了巨大成功。10 年后，从两个孩子在车库里工作开始，苹果电脑已经成长为一家拥有 4000 多名员工、价值 20 亿美元的公司。
sag
v.下垂；下跌
n.下跌；凹陷
eg: We need to do something about the sag.
我们须把下沉的地方修整一下。
in the face of
面对；面临
eg: He succeeded in the face of great difficulties.
尽管面对很大的困难，他还是成功了。
dwell on
dwell on
细想；多想；用很长时间做某事
eg: We shouldn’t dwell on someone’s past.
我们不应该纠结于别人的过去。
successive
adj.连续的；接二连三
succession
n.连续
eg: The cost of living seems set to drop for the third month in succession.
生活费用持续下降，眼看就快 3 个月了。
successive / continuous / continual
continuous
强调在时间和空间上没有间断
eg: On holidays, we can see a continuous line of cars on highways.
在假期，我们能看到高速公路上连绵不断的车流。
continual
强调重复或持续发生，但连续之间允许有间断
eg: He still smokes despite the continuous warnings of his doctor.
尽管医生一再警告，他还是抽烟。
successive
强调事情一个接一个地发生
eg: The successive terrorism attacks have aroused from all humanity.
接二连三的恐怖袭击已经引起了所有人的关注。An Unwanted Baby, Steve Jobs
At 30, Steve Jobs, however, was fired from the company he cofounded with Steve Wozniak. He left the company after losing a bitter battle over control with Apple’s CEO John Sculley, whom Jobs had recruited from Pepsi Cola. When Steve Jobs heard of the message he said, “You’ve probably had somebody punch you in the stomach and it knocks the wind out of you and you cannot breathe. The harder you try to breathe, the more you cannot breathe. And you know that the only thing you can do is just relax so you can start breathing again.”
然而，30 岁的史蒂夫·乔布斯被他与史蒂夫·沃兹尼亚克共同创立的公司解雇。他在与苹果首席执行官约翰·斯考利（John Sculley）争夺控制权的斗争中失败后离开了公司，后者是乔布斯从百事可乐（Pepsi Cola）招聘来的。当史蒂夫·乔布斯（Steve Jobs）听到这条消息时，他说：“你可能有人打了你的胃，它把你的风吹得喘不过气来。你越努力呼吸，你就越无法呼吸。你知道你唯一能做的就是放松，这样你就可以重新开始呼吸了。”
recruit
v.招聘；招募
recruitment
n.招聘；招募
eg：We’re going to launch a big recruitment in autumn.
我们将在秋季进行大规模征兵。
knock the wind out of sb
使得某人透不过气来
eg: The blow knocked the wind out of me.
那一击打得我透不过气来。
An Unwanted Baby, Steve Jobs
Steve Jobs sold over $20 million of his Apple stock, spent days bicycling along the beach, feeling sad and lost, toured Paris, and journeyed on to Italy. Recalling this publicly heartbreaking episode, Jobs said, “I didn’t see it then, but it turned out that getting fired from Apple was the best thing that could have ever happened to me. The heaviness of being successful was replaced by the lightness of being a beginner again, less sure about everything. It freed me to enter one of the most creative periods of my life.”
An Unwanted Baby, Steve Jobs
史蒂夫·乔布斯（Steve Jobs）卖出了 2000 多万美元的苹果股票，花了几天时间在海滩上骑自行车，感到悲伤和失落，游览了巴黎，然后前往意大利。乔布斯回忆起这段公开的令人心碎的插曲时说：“当时我没有看到，但事实证明，被苹果解雇是我一生中最美好的事情。成功的沉重被再次成为初学者的轻松所取代，一切都不那么确定。这让我自由地进入了人生中最有创造力的时期之一。”
turn out
结果是；证明是；生产；关闭
eg: Our factory turns out parts for cars.
我们的工厂生产汽车零件。An Unwanted Baby, Steve Jobs
During the next five years he started two companies -- NeXT and Pixar. NeXT didn’t do as well as Jobs had dreamed for, but Pixar was a success story. Jobs became an instant billionaire.
Meanwhile, his old company Apple was under immense pressure from its rival Microsoft and in 1996 posted billions of dollars in losses.
在接下来的五年里，他创办了两家公司——next 和 Pixar。NeXT 并没有像乔布斯梦想的那么好，但皮克斯是一个成功的故事。乔布斯瞬间成为亿万富翁。与此同时，他的老公司苹果受到了竞争对手微软的巨大压力，1996 年亏损数十亿美元。
in loss
亏本
eg: Risks of fire and storm damage can result in losses, and they are insurable.
火灾和风暴的风险会导致损失，它们是可以投保的。
An Unwanted Baby, Steve Jobs
In December 1996, Steve Jobs convinced Apple to buy NeXT and make its software the foundation of the next-generation Mac OS. The technology he developed at NeXT became the catalyst of Apple’s comeback. Initially appointed as Apple’s adviser. Steve Jobs was named Apple’s interim CEO in 1997.
1996 年 12 月，史蒂夫·乔布斯说服苹果购买 NeXT，并将其软件作为下一代 Mac OS 的基础。他在 NeXT 开发的技术成为了苹果卷土重来的催化剂。最初被任命为苹果的顾问。1997 年，史蒂夫·乔布斯被任命为苹果公司的临时首席执行官。
initially
adv.最初；起初
eg: We are through the initial testing period.
我们通过了最初的考试阶段。
appoint
appoint
v.任命；委任
appoint sb. as / to be
委任某人担任某职务
name
任命
eg: The committee has to name a new advisor this week.
本周委员会必须要任命新的顾问。
An Unwanted Baby, Steve Jobs
He had made Apple healthy again and returned it to a place where it was contributing new and innovative technologies to the computer world. Under his leadership, Apple returned to profitability and introduced innovations.
他让苹果恢复了健康，并将其带回了一个为计算机世界贡献新的创新技术的地方。在他的领导下，苹果恢复了盈利能力并引入了创新。
innovativeinnovative
adj.创新的；革新的
eg: These designs are full of innovative ideas.
这些设计富有创新的理念。
Unit 9 Facing Life’s Challenges
Speaking Activity
Talking about Health
George: Doctor, what is the best way to stay healthy?
Doctor: Having a good diet is probably the most important thing.
George: It is very confusing to know what to eat.
Doctor: You need plenty of fruits and vegetables, small amounts of protein, and whole grains.
George: Are there certain things that I should avoid?
Doctor: You shouldn’t consume too much sugar. Also, watch your intake of fatty food.
Talking about Health
George: After watching my diet, what else should I do?
Doctor: You need to stop smoking, and make sure that you get 30 minutes of exercise every day.
George: Can I have a glass of wine now and then?
Doctor: As long as you don’t overdo it, a glass of wine a day should be OK.
Talking about Health
What is the best way to stay healthy?
Having a good diet...
You need plenty of..., small amounts of..., and...
You shouldn’t consume too much...
What else should I do?
You need to...
Text A 300 Hurdles
300 Hurdles
negative
n.消极；反对意见；底片
adj.消极的；否定的
positive
积极的
eg: The negative won the debate.
持反对意见的一方在辩论中获胜。
despair
v/n.绝望
despair of doing sth
eg: He despair of finding the answer.
他觉得找到答案无望了。
relate to
关于；与…有关联；理解
eg: Wealth is seldom related to happiness.财富鲜与幸福相关。
petty
adj.小的；琐碎的；狭隘的
eg: Don’t bother me with petty details.
不要讲那些琐碎的细节来烦我。
line up
排队；安排
eg: He’s lined up a live band for the party.
他为晚会安排了一支充满活力的乐队。
end up
结束，告终
end up in 后面的宾语是其主语的（一件事情、一个活动）结果
eg: Their effort ended up in future.
他们的努力最终失败了。
end up with 后面所带的宾语常常是其主语的一部分
eg: The meeting ended up with a song.
会议以一首歌结束啦。
keep up with
跟上；赶上
keep pace with
并驾齐驱；齐头并进
eg: I can’t keep up with all the changes in computer technology.
我已经跟不上计算机技术的各种改进了。
pace
v.为…定速度
n.步子；步伐
pace oneself
调整自己的工作或生活节奏
eg: Pace yourself slowly when eating.
慢慢进食，不宜过急。
symbolize
symbol
n.象征；标志
symbolize
v.象征
eg: The dove is the symbol of peace.
鸽子是和平的象征。
at times
有时，偶尔
at all times
始终，无论什么时候
eg: Keep both hands on the steering wheel at all times.双手要始终握住方向盘。
get over
跨过；克服；原谅
eg: Here is a difficulty for you to get over.
这是你要克服的一个困难。
wear out
耗尽；（使）筋疲力尽；穿破；磨损
eg: The constant friction wore out the cloth.
持续不断的摩擦磨破了衣服。
make it
成功；达到目标
eg: The athlete put on a sprint of speed to make it.
赛跑运动员在到达终点前进行冲刺。
with ease
容易；不费力
eg: She picked up her second gold medal with ease.
她不费吹灰之力就得了第 2 枚金牌。
struggle to do
奋斗；挣扎；勉强
eg: Many families struggle to make ends meet.
许多家庭为维持生计而奋斗。
manage to do
设法做成某事
eg: How can you manage to do it if you don’t have a positive outlook?
如果没有一个积极的态度，你怎么能做好这件事？
tough
tough
adj.艰难的；棘手的；坚强的；坚忍不拔的
eg: I am well aware that this is a tough job.
我深知这是一件棘手的工作。
arise
出现；发生
起因于，由…产生
arise from
eg: Notice what emotions arise within you.
注意到在你内心升起的情绪。
fall overfall over
落在…上；跌落
eg: Two plaits fall over her shoulders.
两条辫子垂在她的肩上。
get lost
迷路；迷失
eg: We got lost because we couldn’t read the map.
我们看不懂地图，所以迷路了。
300 Hurdles
Once you finish, you look back on it and you realize that you made it not by leaping, but step by
step. “Yard by yard, life is very hard. But inch by inch, life can be a cinch.”
一旦一切都结束了，你回顾过去，就会意识到之所以能成功，并不是因为跳跃，而是因为一步一步的努力。“一码一码的前进，生活是很艰辛的，但是一英寸一英寸的前进，一步一步地，生活会变得很轻松。”
All it takes is one step at a time, one hurdle at a time.
成功所需要的就是一次走一步，一次跨越一个障碍物。
look back on
回首；回忆
eg: She can look back on her career with great satisfaction.
她回顾自己的职业生涯，觉得心满意足。
not….but….
不是…而是…
eg: It’s not your words but what you did that made me angry.
让我生气的不是你的语言，而是你的行为。
Text B A Violin with Three Strings
A Violin with Three Strings
On Nov. 18, 1995, Itzhak Perlman, the violinist, came on stage to give a concert at Avery Fisher Hall at Lincoln Center in New York City.
1995 年 11 月 18 日，小提琴家伊扎克-帕尔曼登上了舞台，他要在纽约林肯中心的爱弗利费雪厅举办一场音乐会。
on stage
在舞台上
on the stage
再台上；当演员
eg: The moment the clown appeared on stage, the audience folded up.
小丑一出现再舞台上，观众们个个笑的前俯后仰。
be stricken with
被…折磨
eg: He was stricken with a deadly virus.他染上了一种致命的病毒。
with the aid of
借助于；通过
eg: I can do the translation with the aid of dictionary.
我能借助于字典进行翻译。
until
肯定形式表示的意思是“做某事直至某时”
eg: I slept until midnight.
我一直睡到半夜时醒了。
until
否定形式表示的意思是“直至某时才做某事”
eg: She didn’t arrive until 6 o’clock.
她直到 6 点才到。
undo
v.解开
eg: It’s better for the doer to undo what he has done.
解铃还需系铃人。
go off
爆炸；消失；变质；熄灭
eg: The bomb was timed to go off at 12 o’clock.
炸弹定在 12 点钟爆炸。
figure
v.认为；领会到
eg: I figured that you wouldn’t come.
我料想你不会来。
figure
n.图表，数字，体型
eg: The figure is expressed as a percentage.
那数字是用百分比表示的。
limp
v.跛行，蹒跚
eg: Slowly they began to limp back towards the farm.
它们一瘸一拐地朝庄园缓缓地走回来。
either….or….
要么…要么…
eg: You can either go with me or stay at home.
你要么跟随我走，要么待在家里。
at one pointat one point
一度，在某一刻
eg: I think I ever told you that at one point.
我认为我曾经告诉过你那件事。
boast
v.夸耀；吹牛
boastful
adj.自负的
boastfully
adv.自夸地
eg: Don’t boast and don’t be modest.
不要自夸，也不要太谦虚。
pensive
adj.深思的
eg: She looked pensive when she heard the news.
她听到这消息时神情严肃。
pensive
reverent
adj.虔诚的；恭敬的
eg: They all maintained a reverent silence.
他们都保持肃静。
all of a sudden
all of a sudden
突然，冷不丁
eg: All of sudden, nothing else really mattered.
突然之间，一切都不重要了。
shaky
shake
v.摇晃
shaky
adj.摇晃的
eg: He looks a bit shaky on his feet.
他像是站不稳的样子。
bewildering
bewilder
v.使迷惑
bewildering
adj.迷惑的
eg: It was a bewildering array of books.
这是一堆让人头疼的书。
Unit 10 Ode to Public Transport
Speaking Activity
Marking Complaints
Customer: I’d like to see the manager please. I have a complaint!
Manager: I am the manager. What seems to be the problem, maam?
Customer: Did you have housekeeping check our room before we checked in?Manager: Why?
What is wrong?
Customer: The toilet is broken and the water is not running in the shower.
Marking Complaints
Manager: What’s your room number? I’m terribly sorry about the inconvenience. We’ll move you into 2002 immediately. That’s a suite, but we’ll charge the regular room rate. Please accept
our apologies.
Customer: Certainly. Thanks very much for helping.
Manager: It was my pleasure, madam. May I suggest having a drink in our lounge while we prepare your new room? It’s compliments of the house.
Marking Complaints
I’d like to see... I have a complaint.
What seems to be the problem?
What is wrong?
Please accept our apologies.
Thanks very much for helping.
It was my pleasure. May I suggest...?
Text A The Importance of Public Transportation
The Importance of Public Transportation
critical
adj.决定性的；批评的；挑剔的
eg: The reform is at its critical stage now.
改革正处于关键阶段。
access to
接近；进入；通向…的路口
eg: The avalanche cut off the access to the mountain village.
雪崩切断了进入山村的通道。
define….as
define….as
把…定义为
definition
n.定义；阐释
eg: My duties require clearer definition.
我的职责需要耿清楚的说明。
alternative
preference
强调按照自己喜爱的方式进行选择。
eg: She has a preference for Chinese novels.
她偏爱中国小说。
option
着重特别给予的选择权，所选物常相互排斥。
eg: He had no option but to agree.
他除了同意别无选择。arrange
arrange (for sb.) to do sth.
为…安排做…
make arrangements
做安排，做筹备
eg: They proposed to make arrangements beforehand.
他们提议事先做好安排。
The Importance of Public Transportation
I have experienced first-hand how important public transportation is.
我亲身体验过公共交通的重要性。
lug
v.拖，拉，用力
eg: I had to lug my bags up to the railway station.
我只得费劲地把我的几个包拖到火车站。
commute
commute
v.通勤；乘车上下班
n.通勤者；每日往返于两地的人
eg: They commute between Beijing and Tianjin every day.
他们每天往返于北京和天津之间。
switch from….to
switch from….to
从…转变成…
eg: He switched from publishing to teaching.
他由出版工作改做教学工作。
wean
v.使逐渐戒除恶习，避免依赖…
eg: She tried to wean him out of drinking.
她试图让他不再喝酒。
account for
account for
（在数量方面）占…；是…的原因；解释
eg: Students account for 50% of our customers.
在我们的顾客中，学生展览一半。
reliant upon / on
reliant upon / on
依赖于…
eg: She is reliant on her parents for financial support.
她在经济上依赖父母。
with the exception of
with the exception of
除…之外 eg: I enjoyed all the sports with the exception of boxing.
除了拳击，我喜欢所有运动。
attribute to
attribute to …
把…归因于，认为…是
eg: Many people’s success can be attributed to hard work and a bit of luck.
许多人的成功都归因于勤奋加上一点儿运气。
strengthen
v.加强，变坚固
strengthen / enhance / build up
Strengthen 可指具体事物的结果、强度的增强，也可指抽象事物的增强。用于人，既可指体力、精力、抵抗力的增强，也可指勇气、意志、道德的增强或提升。
eg: We should strengthen the legal system.
我们应该加强法制。
all in all
总之
eg: All in all, it was a great success.
总之，这很成功。
Text B Personal Advantages of Taking Public Transportation
Personal Advantages of Taking Public Transportation
depict
v.描绘；描述
eg: Photographers depict life with camera.
摄影师用相机描述生活。
pick up
（车辆等）中途搭人；中途带货
eg: The train stopped to pick up passengers.
火车停下来搭载乘客。
assurance
n.保证；担保；确信
eg: I have full assurance of his honesty.
我完全相信他的诚实。
take guts to do sth
需要勇气做某事
eg: It certainly takes guts to take risks.
冒险的确需要勇气才行。
save on
save on
节省；节约 eg: I save on fares by walking to work.
我通过步行上班来节省钱。
occupy
v.占用；占领；从事
eg: Reading occupies most of my free time.
阅读占据我的大部分闲暇时间。
untoward
adj.异常的；意外的；不幸的
eg: Guard against anything untoward happening.
要地方任何不测的发生。
aggravate
aggravate
v.使严重；使恶心
eg: His bossy attitude aggravated me.
他跋扈的态度激怒了我。
Unit 11 Cyber World
Speaking Activity
Talking about Personality
Steve: Could you tell me what kind of person do you consider Dr. Miller to be?
Jenny: He is very interesting and challenging. Are you going to be taking a class from him?
Steve: Yes, but I have never taken his class before.
Jenny: He is really clear on what you need to learn to get a good grade. Are you willing to study hard?
Steve: Yes, I guess so.
Jenny: What I really liked about him was that he was an understanding and friendly teacher. Do you enjoy that in a teacher?
Talking about Personality
Steve: Yes, I had a teacher like that before.
Jenny: Did you know that he is a veteran teacher?
Steve: No, I didn’t, but that could be a good thing
Jenny: Well, take a look at everything and figure out what is best for you. Good luck!
Talking about Personality
What kind of person do you consider ... to be?
153
He’s (really) ...
What I really liked about him is…..
Do you enjoy ... in ...?
Did you know that he is ...?
Text A Cyberlove
Cyberlove Pre-reading Questions
1.Have you ever made a friend on the Internet? How did you develop your friendship?
你在网上交过朋友吗？你是如何发展友谊的？
2.What suggestions can you give if one hopes to make friends on the Internet?
如果一个人希望在互联网上交朋友，你能给出什么建议？
with the help of
借助；在…的帮助下
eg: He climbed into a cave and with the help of a candle he saw into it.
他爬进一个山洞，借助一根蜡烛，他看到洞里面。
head over heels in love
深深地爱着某人，迷恋
eg: He’s fallen head over heels in love with his boss.
他深深地迷恋上了他的上司。
virtual
adj.虚拟的；实质的
eg: Will virtual library come tomorrow?
虚拟图书馆明天会到来吗？
bizarre
bizarre
adj.奇异的；怪诞的
eg: The building was of bizarre construction.
这个建筑构造奇特。
inclination
incline
v.使倾向于
be inclined to 倾向于
inclination
n.倾向；意愿
eg: Most of us are inclined to the second view.
我们多数人都倾向于第二种看法。
reach
v.够到，拿到
reach for
伸手去拿，努力争取
eg: He tiptoed to reach the dictionary on the shelf.
他踮着脚够到了书架上的字典。
butterflies in the stomach
butterflies in the stomach
心里七上八下，忐忑不安
eg: When Mary had her first job interview, she had butterflies in the stomach.
当玛丽第一次求职面试时，心里忐忑不安。
escapeescape
v.逃跑
eg: To my surprise, he could escape from that big fire.
令我惊讶的是，他能够从那场大火中逃脱出来。
vary from
不同于；有别于
variation
n.变种；变化
variable
adj.可变的
variety
n.种类；多样化
various
adj.各种各样的
eg: The students vary from one another in character.
学生的性格各有不同。
reverse
v.逆转，互换
eg: He reversed the coin and examined it carefully.
他把硬币反过来，仔细检查。
deprive of
deprive… of
剥夺…
eg: The spread of television has considerable deprived us of our time for reading.
电视的普及剥夺了我们相当多的阅读时间。
addict
n.上瘾者
v.使…上瘾
addictive
adj.上瘾的
eg: The young guy addicts himself to science.
这个年轻人酷爱科学。
Text B The Impact of the Internet on Society
The Impact of the Internet on Society
Pre-reading Questions
1.Can you imagine what your life would be like without the Internet?
你能想象没有互联网你的生活会是什么样子吗？
2.What do you think is the impact of the Internet on society?
你认为互联网对社会的影响是什么？
The Impact of the Internet on Society
The Internet has had a profound effect on society over the last two decades. Although it began as a government operation, over time this innovative technology eventually evolved into a public novelty. Looking at society today, one may find that the situation has certainly evolved. For many, the Internet has become an essential for daily living, no longer the fun novelty it was 10 years ago.
Even a decade ago if you were to think about whether or not the Internet had a significant impact on society, the answer would likely have been probably not. While the Net may have beenconsidered a neat innovation, it was not like anyone “ needed” it.
在过去二十年中，互联网对社会产生了深远的影响。虽然这项创新技术最初是政府运作的，但随着时间的推移，它最终演变成了一项公众的新奇事物。看看今天的社会，人们可能会发现，情况确实发生了变化。对许多人来说，互联网已经成为日常生活的必需品，不再是 10年前那种有趣的新奇事物。即使在十年前，如果你想一想互联网是否对社会产生了重大影响，答案很可能是否定的。虽然网络可能被认为是一项整洁的创新，但它并不是任何人“需要”的。
profound
adj.意义深远的；深奥的
eg: Our professor is man of profound learning.
我们的教授是一个学识渊博的人。
evolve
v.发展；进化
evolution
n.进化；发展；演变
eg: Why did humans evolve to walk upright?
人类为何进化到了直立行走的姿态？
novelty
n.新奇；新奇的事物
eg: The novelty of his surroundings soon wore off.
他对环境的新鲜劲不久就淡了。
essential
essential
n.必需品；要素
eg: What are the essentials of good teaching?
成功教学的要素是什么？
The Impact of the Internet on Society
However, over time this perception has changed for many individuals in society. The Internet has become, for the most part, an absolute necessity, either by requirement or by desire. Going online has become as natural as doing other daily tasks people have traditionally done. People take it for granted that the Internet will be available, and dependency on being connected has become the norm. Both businesses and individuals alike depend upon the routine availability of the Internet.
Due to the fact that many businesses, government agencies and other organizations have navigated to the online environment, generally people require consistent access, or 24/7 access, if you will.
然而，随着时间的推移，社会上许多人的这种看法发生了变化。无论是出于需求还是出于愿望，互联网在很大程度上已经成为绝对必要的。上网已经变得和人们传统上做的其他日常工作一样自然。人们理所当然地认为，互联网将是可用的，依赖连接已成为常态。企业和个人都依赖于互联网的日常可用性。由于许多企业、政府机构和其他组织已经进入了在线环境，因此人们通常需要一致的访问，或者 24/7 访问，如果你愿意的话。
Perception
n.观点；观念；洞察力
eg: One of his goals is improving students’ power of perception in this matter.
他的目标之一就是提高学生对于该问题的认知能力。
for the most part
for the most part
多半；在极大程度上
eg: His design, for the most part, corresponds with the actual needs.
他的设计绝大多数情况下都符合实际需要。
take….for granted
take….for granted
认为…是理所应当的
eg: It is taken for granted that everyone is equal before the law.
法律面前人人平等。
depend
v.依赖于…
depend on
dependency
n.依赖
eg: The country depends heavily on its tourist trade.
这个国家在很大程度上依赖其旅游业。
routine
adj.常规的；例行的
eg: The routine office job dulls me.
例行的办公室工作让我觉得很无趣。
Consistent
adj.始终如一的，一致的
Eg: Our aim is to ensure a consistent growth.
我们的目标是确保持续的增长。
The Impact of the Internet on Society
In many ways the Internet has had a very positive effect on society. It has improved communication, simplified handing tasks and errands, offered huge convenience, enabled faster processing ,and provided more options, all of which have freed more time to do other things.
在许多方面，互联网对社会产生了非常积极的影响。它改善了沟通，简化了处理任务和差事，提供了极大的便利，加快了处理速度，提供了更多的选择，所有这些都释放了更多的时间去做其他事情。
errand
n.差事；差使
eg: I’ve got a few errands to do in the town.
我有几件事情要去镇上办。
The Impact of the Internet on Society Yet, interestingly enough the Internet has, in some ways, had negative effects. The quality of communication has declined; people are impatient because they have become accustomed to instant gratification, and using the Internet also takes up a lot of time. As websites such as Facebook and other socially based interactions increase in usage, many hours a day are consumed as people keep up with their various networks, taking away from other activities.
然而，有趣的是，互联网在某些方面产生了负面影响。通信质量下降；人们之所以不耐烦，是因为他们已经习惯了即时满足，而且使用互联网也占用了很多时间。随着 Facebook 等网站和其他基于社交的互动的使用量增加，人们每天要花很多时间与他们的各种网络保持联系，从而远离其他活动。
gratification
gratify
v.使高兴；使满足
gratification
n.满足；喜悦
eg: Your positive comments gratify me very much.
你的好评使我高兴。
take up
占据
eg: Your luggage takes up too much space.
你的行李占据了太多空间。
consume
v.消耗
consumer
n.顾客
eg: We should adopt the consumers’ suggestion.
我们应该接受消费者的建议。
The Impact of the Internet on Society
When looking at it from the latter perspective, one may wonder whether or not the Internet has truly benefited society. Realistically, as with anything else, the Internet has its pros and cons.
Tools such as e-mail and instant messaging have become the standard; social networks are quickly evolving into the next level of communication, and people enjoy their constant access. In this respect the benefits of the Internet are tremendous. This is not only evidenced by the many activities people engage in when they connect to the Internet, but also by the continuous progression and development of mobile devices such as smartphones.
从后一个角度来看，人们可能会怀疑互联网是否真正造福了社会。事实上，与其他任何事物一样，互联网也有其利弊。电子邮件和即时消息等工具已成为标准；社交网络正在迅速发展到下一个交流水平，人们享受着不断的访问。在这方面，互联网的好处是巨大的。这不仅体现在人们连接互联网时所从事的许多活动上，也体现在智能手机等移动设备的不断进步和发展上。
wonder
wonder
n.惊奇；奇迹；
eg: They were filled with wonder at the new machine.他们对新机器感到非常惊奇。
pros and cons
pros and cons
利弊
eg: He balanced the pros and cons of the situation.
他权衡了这种情形的利弊。
tremendous
tremendous
adj.巨大的；惊人的
eg: She does her work with tremendous vigor.
她工作起来干劲十足。
evidence
evidence
n.证据；迹象
v.证实
eg: There wasn’t enough evidence to prove his guilty.
没有充分的证据证明他有罪。
The Impact of the Internet on Society
Society has evolved to the point where people expect and rely on readily available information.
People also expect to receive rapid responses when doing business and personal tasks. The Internet makes this possible. Many of the things that society takes for granted nowadays are all made possible by the development of the Internet.
社会已经发展到人们期望和依赖现成信息的程度。人们也希望在做生意和个人任务时能得到迅速的反应。互联网使这成为可能。当今社会认为理所当然的许多事情都是由于互联网的发展而成为可能的。
readily
readily
adv.容易地；迅速地
readily available
随时可得到的
eg: The medicine is readily available in pharmacies.
这是在药房随时可买到的常用药。
The Impact of the Internet on Society
What kind of an impact has the Internet had on society? Wrapped up in the advantages and disadvantages one thing is for certain: the Internet has had a significant effect on society. To imagine the impact all one has to do is try to envision the consequences if the Internet was suddenly removed from society. Imagine a world where the Internet was unavailable. How would it affect you? Looking at from this respect for many it likely brings to light just how reliant and dependent society has become on the Internet and it would be extremely hard to turn back the clock.
互联网对社会产生了什么样的影响？综上所述，有一点是肯定的：互联网对社会产生了重大影响。要想想象这种影响，人们所要做的就是想象一下如果互联网突然从社会中消失的后果。
想象一个没有互联网的世界。它会对你产生什么影响？从这方面来看，许多人可能会发现，社会在互联网上变得多么依赖和依赖，要让时光倒流是非常困难的。envision
envision
v.想象；设想
eg: Envision a good result before you do anything.
做事前，先想象一个好的结果。
remove
remove
v.消除；免除
eg: That officer must be removed.
那位官员必须被免职。
bring….to light
bring….to light
揭露
eg: I’ll bring to light the truth.
我一定要揭露真相。
Tips for English Learning Improving Your Writing (1) –Keep a Journal
Don’t always pay attention to grammar. Freewriting can be very useful. It can show you that writing is fun. Have fun with the language. For people who find it boring to write a diary about things that happen to them every day, the best thing is to let your imagination go and write about whatever comes into your head.
不要总是注意语法。自由写作可能非常有用。它可以告诉你写作很有趣。享受语言的乐趣。
对于那些觉得写日记记录每天发生在他们身上的事情很无聊的人来说，最好的办法是放开你的想象力，写下你脑子里想的东西。
The advantage of this is that if you can’t think of how to say something in English, you u can just change the story to something that is easier to explain. Perhaps the easiest way to start writing fiction in English is with a diary, changing any details you like to make it more interesting and adding more and more fantasy as the weeks go on.
这样做的好处是，如果你想不出用英语说什么，你可以把故事改成更容易解释的东西。也许开始用英语写小说最简单的方法是写日记，改变你喜欢的任何细节，让它更有趣，并随着时间的推移增加越来越多的幻想。
Unit 12 A Break from Life
Speaking Activity
Talking a Job Interview
Interviewee: Hello, I really appreciate the opportunity to interview for this position.
Manager: I was wondering if you like team projects, or projects that you work on alone?
Interviewee: I like to work on group projects that value and need each
individual’s contributions.
Manager: Are you most interested in a good steady job with benefits or one that will allow you to quickly advance?
Talking a Job Interview
Interviewee: I have children so a steady job is important but I would like a chance to advance. Manager: How would you feel about relocating to another state?
Interviewee: I could not relocate in the next year, but might be open to it in the future.
Manager: Do you know how much this job offers per year?
Interviewee: A minimum of $7500 per year.
Manager: OK, well, that's all I need to know for now. If something comes up, we’ll be contacting you.
Talking a Job Interview
Hello, I really appreciate the opportunity to interview for this position.
I was wondering if...
I like to work on group projects that value and need each individual’s contributions.
Are you most interested in ...?
How would you feel about ...?
Do you know how much this job offers per year?
To be honest, I don’t plan in that much detail.
If something comes up, we’ll be contacting you.
Text A Feeling Free
Feeling Free
Pre-reading Questions
1. Do you find it difficult to enjoy a break from life? What are some of the difficulties you have?
你觉得很难享受生活中的休息吗？你有哪些困难？
2. What tips would you give to those who are fully occupied with their schedule and have little time feeling free?
你会给那些被日程安排安排得满满的、几乎没有时间感到自由的人什么建议？
pile up
pile up
堆积；累积
eg: There is a lot of work piled up.
工作堆积如山。
resemble
resemble
v.与…相似
resemblance
n.相似，相象
eg: They resemble each other in shape but not in color.
它们形状相似，但是颜色不同。
subside
subside
v.趋于平静；平息
eg: When the pain failed to subside, today’s scan was carried out.
由于疼痛没减轻，今天做了一个检查。
come down with
感染
eg: At first the girl was thought to come down with pneumonia, but was later confirmed to aninfection of new bird flu strain H7N9.
一开始这女孩被认为是得了肺炎，后来确诊感染了 H7N9 新型禽流感病毒。
a couple of
a couple of
几个
another couple of
又几个
eg: Give the clock another couple of winds.
给这个钟在上几圈发条。
crack
crack
v.找到解决的办法
eg: He has finally cracked the system after years of pain-tasking research.
经过多年的努力研究，他终于找到了解决这个系统的办法。
immerse
immerse
v.浸泡；陷入
eg: I immerse myself into reciting English vocabulary.
我专心于背英语单词。
slip away
slip away
消失；消亡
eg: She knew that time was slipping away.
她知道时间在飞逝。
empower
empower
v.增加自主权；使控制局势
eg: The new law empower the police to search private houses.
新的法律使警察得以搜查私人住宅。
aware
aware
adj.意识到的
awareness
n.认识，意识，察觉
eg: Be aware of those who fish in troubled waters.
当心那些浑水摸鱼的人。
Text B Self-Esteem and Body Image
Self-Esteem and Body Image
put…down
put…down
使出洋相；让某人现眼
eg: I know she always puts him down.
我知道她总是让人难堪。
worthwhile
worthwhile
adj.值得的 worth
n.财富
worthy
adj.有价值的
eg: I don’t think it’s worthwhile.
我认为不值得。
combine
combine
v.使结合
eg: He combines creative imagination with true scholarship.
他结合了创造性想象力和真正的治学严谨学风。
measure…against
measure…against
对照…评价，同…较量
eg: He was not afraid to measure himself against a much more dangerous animal.
他不怕与更加危险的动物较量。
fill out
膨胀；扩张；填写
eg: Many men fill out when they approach middle age.
很多男人到了中年就发胖。
tease
v.欺负；嘲弄
eg: Don’t take it seriously. He is only teasing.
别把它当真，他只不过是在开玩笑。
ignorance
ignorant
adj.无知的；愚昧的
ignorance
n.无知；愚昧
eg: Knowledge makes humble, ignorance makes proud.
知识使人谦虚，无知使人骄傲。
verify
v.核实；证明
eg: He tried in every way to verify this theory.
meeting a challenge
应对挑战
face a challenge
面对挑战
accept a challenge
接受挑战
pose a challenge
提出挑战
Self-Esteem and Body Image
I’m fat. I’m too skinny. I’d be happy if I were taller, shorter, had curly hair, straight hair, a smaller nose, bigger muscles, longer legs.我很胖。我太瘦了。要是我能再高一点我就开心了。
要是我能再矮一点我就开心了。要是我是卷发我就开心了。要是我是直发我就开心了。要是我的鼻子能再小一点我就开心了。要是我的肌肉能再发达点我就开心了。要是我的腿能再长点我就开心了。
skinny
极瘦的
eg: You are skinny enough without going on diet.
你不必节食就已经够瘦了。
Self-Esteem and Body Image
Do any of these statements sound familiar? Are you used to putting yourself down? If so, you’re not alone. As a teen, you’re going through a ton of changes in your body. And as your body changes, so does your image of yourself. Lots of people have trouble adjusting, and this can affect their self-esteem.
这些表述听起来熟悉吗？你经常贬损自己吗？如果是，那也不是你一个人这么做。十几岁的时候，你的身体会经历大量的变化。你的身体改变了，你的个人形象也改变了。很多人都很难调整适应这些变化，这就会影响到他们的自尊。
put…down
使出洋相；让某人现眼
eg: I know she always puts him down.
我知道她总是让人难堪。
Why Are Self-Esteem and Body Image Important?
Self-esteem is all about how much people value themselves, the pride they feel in themselves, and how worthwhile they feel. Self-esteem is important because feeling good about yourself can affect how you act. A person who has high self-esteem will make friends easily, is more in control of his or her behavior, and will enjoy life more.
自尊就是关于人们如何评价自己，他们对自己的自豪感以及他们觉得自己的重要程度。自尊非常重要，因为自我感觉是否良好会影响到你的行为。自尊心强的人交朋友会比较容易，更能控制自己的行为，也更会享受生活。
worthwhile
adj.值得的
worth
n.财富
worthy
adj.有价值的
eg: I don’t think it’s worthwhile.
我认为不值得。
Why Are Self-Esteem and Body Image Important?
Body image is how someone feels about his or her own physical appearance. For many people, especially those in their early teens, body image can be closely linked to self-esteem. That’s because as kids develop into teens, they care more about how others see them.
自身形象就是一个人对自己的外表感觉如何。对很多人来说，尤其是刚十几岁的时候，自身形象和自尊心的关系紧密，这是因为随着孩子们步入青春期，他们会更在意别人怎么看他们。
What Influences a Person’s Self-Esteem?
Some teens struggle with their self-esteem when they begin puberty because the body goes through many changes. These changes, combined with a natural desire to feel accepted, mean it can be tempting for people to compare themselves with others. They may compare themselves with the people around them or with actors and celebs they see on TV, in movies, or in magazines.
一些十几岁的孩子会在青春期开始时在自尊这个问题上比较纠结，这是由于他们的身体经历着许多变化造成的。身体上的变化，加上希望得到认可的内在渴望意味着他们会很难不把自己和其他人比较。他们可能会把自己和身边的人比较，也可能会和在电视上、电影里或是杂志上看到的演员或名人来比较。
combine
v.使结合
eg: He combines creative imagination with true scholarship.
他结合了创造性想象力和真正的治学严谨学风。
What Influences a Person’s Self-Esteem?
But it’ s impossible to measure ourselves against others because the changes that come with puberty are different for everyone. Some people start developing early; others are late bloomers.
Some get a temporary layer of fat to prepare for a growth spurt; others fill out permanently, and still others feel like they stay skinny no matter how much they eat. It all depends on how our genes have programmed our bodies to act.
但是把我们和其他人作比较是不可能的，因为在青春期的变化每个人都是不尽相同的。有些人会成熟得早，有些人成熟得晚。有些人可能因为生长发育会暂时发福，有些人可能一直都会很胖，还有一些人不管吃多少都会很纤瘦。这完全取决于我们的基因怎么样控制我们的身体去变化。
measure…against
对照…评价，同…较量
eg: He was not afraid to measure himself against a much more dangerous animal.
他不怕与更加危险的动物较量。
fill out
膨胀；扩张；填写
eg: Many men fill out when they approach middle age.
很多男人到了中年就发胖。
What Influences a Person’s Self-Esteem?
The changes that come with puberty can affect how both girls and guys feel about themselves.
Some girls may feel uncomfortable or embarrassed about their maturing bodies. Others may wish that they were developing faster. Girls may feet pressure to be thin but guys may feel like they don’t look big or muscular enough.
青春期里这样的变化会影响女孩和男孩对他们自己的看法。有些女孩可能会因为发育得快而
觉得不舒服或者尴尬。还有人可能还希望他们能发育得更快一点。女孩们可能在保持纤瘦方面感到有压力，男孩们可能会担心他们看起来不够高大或者强壮。
embarrass
v.使尴尬
eg: You didn’t embarrass me in the slightest.
你一点也没让我为难。
Outside Influences
It's not just development that affects self-esteem, though. Many other factors can affect a person's body image too.
并不是只有发育会影响他们的自尊心。许多其他的因素也能影响个人的自身形象，比如媒体中纤瘦的女孩们或是身材魁梧的男孩们的形象。
Outside Influences
Family life can sometimes influence self-esteem. Some parents spend more time criticizing their kids and the way they look than praising them, which can reduce kids' ability to develop good self-esteem.
家庭生活有时也会影响自尊心。有些家长批评他们的孩子的行为和外表的时间比表扬他们的时间还要多，这样也会削减孩子们培养良好的自尊心的能力。
Outside Influences
People also may experience negative comments and hurtful teasing about the way they look from classmates and4 peers. Sometimes racial and ethnic prejudice is the source of such comments.
Although these often come from ignorance, sometimes they can affect someone's body image and self-esteem.
在外表这个问题上，人们还可能会遭受同学或是同龄人的负面评论或是恶意嘲讽。有时候，这样的评论也来源于种族或民族歧视。尽管这些评论通常都源于无知，但有时它们还是会影响一个人的自身形象和自尊心。
tease
v.欺负；嘲弄
eg: Don’t take it seriously. He is only teasing.
别把它当真，他只不过是在开玩笑。
racial
adj.种族的；人种的
eg: We should not have racial discrimination.
我们不该有种族歧视。
prejudice
n.偏见；成见
eg: She has a prejudice against modern music.
她对现代音乐怀有偏见。
ignoranceignorant
adj.无知的；愚昧的
ignorance
n.无知；愚昧
eg: Knowledge makes humble, ignorance makes proud.
知识使人谦虚，无知使人骄傲。
Healthy Self-Esteem
If you have a positive body image, you probably like and accept yourself the way you are. This healthy attitude allows you to explore other aspects of growing up, such as developing good friendships, growing more independent from your parents, and challenging yourself physically and mentally. Developing these parts of yourself can help boost your self-esteem.
如果你有积极向上的自身形象，那么你可能会喜欢并接受你自己自然的样子。这种健康的态度让你探索成长过程中的其他方面，比如建立良好的友谊，更加独立于父母，或是在身体和精神上挑战自己。发掘你自身这些方面能够帮助你增强自尊心。
boost
v.提高，增加；鼓舞
eg: The new technique will boost food production.
这种新工艺将会提高食品产量。
Healthy Self-Esteem
A positive, optimistic attitude can help people develop strong self-esteem. For example, saying, “Hey, I’m human” instead of “Wow, I’m such a loser” when you’ve made a mistake, or not blaming others when things don’t go as expected.
积极乐观的态度能够帮助人们建立强烈的自尊心。例如，当犯错误的时候说“嘿，我只是个普通人”而不是“糟糕，我是个失败者”，或是当事情无法如愿发展的情况下不去责怪别人。
Healthy Self-Esteem
Knowing what makes you happy and how to meet your goals can help you feel capable, strong, and in control of your life. A positive attitude and a healthy lifestyle (such as exercising and eating right) are a great combination for building good self-esteem.
知道什么能让自己开心并且怎样去实现目标能让你感到更有能力，更坚强，更能把握自己的生活。积极的态度和健康的生活方式（比如运动和合理饮食）是建立良好自尊的最佳组合。
capable
adj.能干的；有能力的
eg: Only human beings are capable of speech.
只有人类才具有说话的能力。
Tips for Improving Your Body Image Some people think they need to change how they look or act to feel good about themselves. But actually all you need to do is change the way you see your body and how you think about yourself.
有些人认为，他们需要改变自身的外表或是做事情的方式来让自己感觉良好。但是其实你需要做的只是改变你看待自己的身体的方式以及你对自己的看法。Tips for Improving Your
Body Image
The first thing to do is recognize that your body is your own, no matter what shape, size, or color it comes in. If you’re very worried about your weight or size, check with your doctor to verify that things are OK. But it’s no one’s business but your own what your body is like. Ultimately, you have to be happy with yourself.
第一件事就是认识到，不管你胖瘦、高矮或是肤色，你的身体都是你自己的。如果你非常担心你的体重或者身高，找医生检查一下是不是一切都正常。但是你的身体怎么样是你自己的事，和别人无关。最终，你还是要对自己感到满意。
verify
v.核实；证明
eg: He tried in every way to verify this theory.
Tips for Improving Your Body Image Next, identify which aspects of your appearance you can realistically change and which you can't.
Everyone (even the most perfect-seeming celeb) has things about themselves that they can't change and need to accept, like their height, for example, or their shoe size.
第二件事，确认一下你外表的哪些方面可以改变，哪些你不能改变。每个人（即使是看起来最完美的社会名人）都会有他不能改变而必须接受的东西，就像身高或是鞋子的尺码。
Tips for Improving Your Body Image If there are things about yourself that you want to change and can (such as how fit you are), do this by making goals for yourself. For example, if you want to get fit, make a plan to exercise every day and eat nutritious foods. Then keep track of your progress until you reach your goal.
Meeting a challenge you set for yourself is a great way to boost self-esteem!
如果有些事情你想改变并且能够改变（比如身体的健康程度），那么就给自己制定一些目标。
例如，如果你想变得健康，那么就制定一个计划，每天锻炼并且吃有营养的食物。然后掌握你的进步状况直到达到你的目标。达到自己设定的挑战是增强自尊心的一个好办法！
keep track of
记录，了解…的情况
eg: I know that the professor will keep track of my attendance.
我知道教授会记录我的出勤情况。
meeting a challenge
应对挑战
face a challenge
面对挑战
accept a challenge
接受挑战
pose a challenge
提出挑战
Tips for English Learning Improving Your Writing (2) - Achieve Sentence Variety
Achieve Sentence Variety
There are a number of ways to add variety to your writing. Imagine yourself cutting up a sentence into individual words and placing them in a paper bag. Now shake it up! Now lay out your sentence and experiment. Can you make two sentences out of one? Can you put you sentence back to front? Try turning your sentence into a question. Or, if you think your sentence is too short, you may want to add another sentence to it. If you have a really important point, perhaps a famous person has said something similar. In other words, there may be a quote you can use to strengthen your writing.
有很多方法可以增加你的写作的多样性。想象一下你自己把一个句子切成几个单词，然后放在一个纸袋里。现在振作起来！现在把你的句子和实验摆出来。你能用一个句子造出两句吗？
你能把句子放回前面吗？试着把你的句子变成一个问题。或者，如果你认为你的句子太短，你可能想再加一句。如果你有一个非常重要的观点，也许一位名人也说过类似的话。换句话说，你可以用一句话来加强写作。
Achieve Sentence Variety The following tips may help you achieve sentence variety.
Vary the length of your sentences. In general, use short sentences to emphasize ideas Use longer sentences to explain, define, or illustrate ideas.
Put key words and ideas at the beginning or end of a sentence. Don’t bury a main point in the middle of a long sentence. To emphasize key words, place them at the beginning or (better yet) at the end.
以下提示可以帮助你实现句子的多样性。
改变句子的长度。一般来说，用短句强调观点，用长句解释、定义或说明观点。
把关键词和想法放在句子的开头或结尾。不要把重点放在长句的中间。为了强调关键词，把它们放在开头或（更好）放在结尾。
Achieve Sentence Variety Vary sentence types and structures. Vary sentence types by including occasional questions and commands. Vary sentence structures by blending simple compound, and complex sentences.
Use active verbs. Don’t overwork the passive voice or forms of the verb “to be” Instead, use active verbs in the active voice.
改变句子类型和结构。通过包括偶尔的问题和命令来改变句子类型。通过混合简单复合句和复合句来改变句子结构。
使用主动动词。不要过度使用被动语态或动词“to be”的形式，而是在主动语态中使用主动动词。
Achieve Sentence Variety Use specific nouns and verbs. To convey your message clearly and keep your readers engaged，use concrete and specific words that show what you mean.
使用特定的名词和动词。为了清晰地传达你的信息并让读者参与进来，使用具体而具体的词语来表达你的意思。